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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ozonated Aloe Vera gel on the growth inhibition of Enterococcus faecalis according to application time. It was quasi-experimental, longitudinal and applicative. In a first instance, the Aloe Vera gel was collected. Once obtained, it was subjected to ozonation, for which the ozonation patterns of the water are taken. It was then applied to Enterococcus faecalis samples by means of diffusion disks and applied directly. The results were not very encouraging, showing inhibition halos no larger than 10 mm and 0 mm in diameter in several cases. For this reason, Aloe Vera gel was diluted in 70° alcohol and chloroform, obtaining better results. The sample consisted of Petri dishes incubated with Enterococcus faecalis, at a rate of 35 Petri dishes for each study group and application time. The gel was applied to the samples by diffusion of filter discs and by direct application. After several tests, the ozonated gel at 24 hours showed the best results with inhibition halos of 40-45 mm. In conclusion, the Ozonized Aloe Vera gel is a product that demonstrated a high effectiveness when applied on Enterococcus faecalis to extract its greatest properties, it is necessary to dilute them in 70° alcohol and chloroform, so it presents a high level on the bacteria. Este estudio tuvo por objetivo evaluar la efectividad del gel de Aloe Vera ozonizado sobre la inhibición del crecimiento de Enterococcus faecalis según tiempo de aplicación. Fue de tipo cuasi-experimental, longitudinal y aplicativo. En una primera instancia se procedió a la recolección del gel de Aloe Vera. Una vez obtenido fue sometido a ozonización, para lo cual se toman los patrones de ozonización del agua. Luego fue aplicado sobre las muestras de Enterococcus faecalis mediante discos de difusión y aplicado de manera directa, los resultados no fueron muy alentadores mostrando halos de inhibición no mayores a 10 mm y 0 mm de diámetro en varios casos. Por este motivo el gel de Aloe Vera fue diluido en alcohol de 70° y cloroformo obteniendo mejores resultados. La muestra estuvo constituida por placas Petri incubadas con Enterococcus faecalis, a razón de 35 placas Petri por cada grupo de estudio y tiempo de aplicación. Se aplicó el gel sobre las muestras mediante difusión de discos de filtro y por aplicación directa, tras varias pruebas el gel ozonizado a 24 horas mostró los mejores resultados con halos de inhibición de 40-45 mm. En conclusión, el gel de Aloe Vera Ozonizado es un producto que demostró una efectividad alta al ser aplicado sobre Enterococcus faecalis para lograr extraer sus mayores propiedades es necesario diluirlos en alcohol de 70° y cloroformo, por lo que presenta un nivel alto sobre la bacteria.
Aloe Vera --- ozono --- Enterococcus faecalis
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Enterococcal infections. --- Enterococcus. --- Food microbiology. --- Enterococci --- Streptococcaceae --- Enterococcal diseases --- Enterococcus diseases --- Enterococcus infections --- Gram-positive bacterial infections
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Bacteriocins --- Enterococcus faecalis --- Streptococcus faecalis --- Streptococcus liquefaciens --- Enterococcus --- Streptococcus --- Antibacterial agents --- Molecular aspects.
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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
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Air pollution, due to natural and anthropogenic sources, incurs enormous environmental costs. The issue of healthy living spaces and good air quality is a global concern, because each individual inhales 15,000 L of air every 24 h. Thus, contemporary monitoring and reducing exposure to air pollutants presents a particular challenge. One of the crucial indicators of indoor and outdoor air quality is bioaerosols. They play an instrumental role as risk factors when it comes to adverse health outcome. These indicators, also known as primary biological airborne particles (PBAPs), have been linked to various health effects such as infectious diseases, toxic effects, allergies, and even cancer. PBAPs include all particles with a biological source in suspension in the air (bacteria, fungi, viruses, and pollen), as well as biomolecules (toxins, and debris from membranes). To foster our current scientific knowledge on bioaerosols, research related to the characteristics of biological aerosols in indoor and outdoor environments, the methods used to improve air quality, as well as the health effects of and exposure assessments to bioaerosols, have been collected in this book.
radiant catalytic ionization --- Enterococcus spp. --- Clostridioides difficile --- Staphylococcus aureus --- MRSA --- indoor air --- microbiological indoor air quality (MIAQ) --- bacterial aerosol (BA) --- size distribution --- gymnastic hall --- multi-antibiotic resistance (MAR) --- indoor microclimate --- decentralized façade ventilation --- air quality --- indoor air quality --- microbiological contamination --- heterotrophic bacteria --- antimicrobial resistance --- mannitol-positive staphylococci --- fungi --- biological air pollutants --- fungal aerosol --- air cleaner --- life cycle assessment --- n/a --- decentralized façade ventilation
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Rabbit breeding, although being a small sector of animal husbandry, is widespread in many areas of the world, as the rabbit is intended both for food (meat) and not food (fur) purposes. The rabbit production chain has to face various problems, mainly concerning animal health and product quality. To overcome these issues, studies using a multidisciplinary approach addressing aspects of the rabbit nutrition and feeding, with a direct impact on the rabbit farming, welfare, health, and meat quality are particularly appreciated and requested by the scientific community. This book is composed of four original papers and one review focused on different nutritional approaches. In particular a phyto-additive (thyme essential oil) and a rabbit-derived bacteriocin-producing strain (Enterococcus faecium CCM7420) with probiotic properties were investigated as new feed additives, while two types of insect fats were studied, in order to understand their effects as dietary replacements for soybean oil and their in vitro antimicrobial activities as alternative raw materials. Results collected in this book will be of particular interest for farmers and animal nutritionists working in the rabbit breeding sector
digestibility --- enzyme activity --- gut histology --- milk replacer --- rabbit --- Enterococcus faecium --- enterocin --- microbiota --- intestinal morphology --- phagocytic activity --- serum biochemistry --- meat quality --- weight gain --- thymol --- bioavailability --- antioxidant --- insect fat --- Hermetia illucens --- Tenebrio molitor --- gut microbiota --- antimicrobial effect --- rabbit feeding --- insoluble fibre --- soluble fibre --- feed efficiency --- whole body and carcass chemical composition --- energy nitrogen and mineral balance --- fibre digestibility --- mucosa morphology --- energy nitrogen and mineral retention efficiency
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Bacterial resistance to known and currently used antibiotics represents a growing issue worldwide. It poses a major problem in the treatment of infectious diseases in general and hospital-acquired infections in particular. This is in part due to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in past decades, which led to the selection of highly resistant bacteria and even so-called superbugs – multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Nosocomial infections, particularly, are often caused by MDR bacterial pathogens and the treatment of such infections is very complicated and extensive, often leading to various side effects, including adverse effects on the natural human microbiome. At the same time, the development of novel antibiotics is lagging with very few new ones in the pipeline. Finding viable alternatives to treat such infections may help to overcome these therapeutic issues. This publication brings novel developments in the field of bacterial resistance, mainly in the hospital settings, adequate antibiotic therapy, and identification of compounds useful to battle this growing issue.
VRE --- GIT --- hemato-oncological patients --- clonality --- antibiotic stewardship --- resistance --- consumption of antibiotics --- clonal spread --- Enterococcus faecium --- Enterococcus faecalis --- linezolid resistance --- 23S rRNA --- optrA --- carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae --- carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii --- N-acetylcysteine --- septic shock --- critically ill patients --- newborn --- infection --- bacteria --- antibiotic therapy --- hops --- C. difficile --- rat model --- Staphylococcus aureus --- MRSA --- spa typing --- MLST --- SCCmec typing --- clonal analysis --- epidemiology --- cancer patients --- duration of treatment --- colistin --- propensity score analysis --- multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii --- urinary tract infections --- UTIs --- MDR --- Escherichia coli --- Klebsiella --- uropathogens --- AMR --- antibiotic resistance --- ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae --- urinary tract infection --- clinical impact --- economic impact --- ventilator-associated pneumonia --- Klebsiella spp. --- Escherichia spp. --- pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) --- endogenous infection --- methicillin-resistant --- porcine model --- methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) --- long term care facilities (LTCF) --- multidrug resistance (MDR) --- enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) --- ESBL --- PCR --- primer --- antimicrobial resistance --- infection prevention and control --- antimicrobial stewardship --- hospital --- cluster analysis --- principal component analysis
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The safety and microbiological quality of fermented foods covers complementary aspects of such products. Food fermentation is primary intended to improve food preservation, thereby modifying food properties. However, the management of chemical and microbiological hazards is a leading aspect for innovative processing in this domain. Similarly, microbiological quality in fermented foods is of peculiar importance: all microorganisms with a positive effect, including probiotic bacteria, fermentative bacteria, Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeasts, can be relevant. The fitness of pro-technological microorganisms impacts nutritional quality, but also sensory properties and processing reliability. This book provides a broad view of factors which determine the safety and microbiological quality of fermented foods. A focus is made on the interconnection between starter properties and the expectations related to a probiotic effect. All chapters underline the involvement of fermented foods towards better resource management and increasing food and nutritional security, especially in developing countries.
tiger nuts --- n/a --- table olives --- medium-chain fatty acids --- nutritional value --- microbial lipids --- Bifidobacterium spp. --- Lactic Acid Bacteria --- free radical scavenging --- viability --- anti-carcinogenic --- technological characteristics --- fermented papaya preparation (FPP) --- beverage --- product development --- predictive microbiology --- sea buckthorn --- Carica papaya --- fungicide --- stuck fermentation --- reconstituted milk --- L. rhamnosus GG --- antioxidant --- growth parameters --- horchata --- pesticide --- microbiology --- culture optimization --- fresco culture --- yeast --- PCA --- quality --- Asian countries --- Probiotics --- traditional --- shelf life --- lactic fermentation --- Mucor circinelloides --- fermentation --- anti-diabetic --- Enterococcus spp. --- alcoholic fermentation --- Shigella --- oxidative stress --- wine
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[Increasing evidence suggests that microbiota and especially the gut microbiota (the microbes inhabiting the gut including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi) plays a key role in human physiology and pathology. Recent findings indicate how dysbiosis—an imbalance in the composition and organization of microbial populations—could severely impact the development of different medical conditions (from metabolic to mood disorders), providing new insights into the comprehension of diverse diseases, such as IBD, obesity, asthma, autism, stroke, diabetes, and cancer. Given that microbial cells in the gut outnumber host cells, microbiota influences human physiology both functionally and structurally. Microbial metabolites bridge various—even distant—areas of the organism by way of the immune and hormone system. For instance, it is now clear that the mutual interaction between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain (gut–brain axis), often involves gut microbiota, indicating that the crosstalk between the organism and its microbial residents represents a fundamental aspect of both the establishment and maintenance of healthy conditions. Moreover, it is crucial to recognize that beyond the intestinal tract, microbiota populates other host organs and tissues (e.g., skin and oral mucosa). We have edited this eBook with the aim of publishing manuscripts focusing on the impact of microbiota in the development of different diseases and their associated treatments.]
gastrointestinal diseases --- sterile inflammation --- n/a --- Staphylococcus spp. --- etiopathogenesis --- colitis --- Escherichia coli --- bacteriophages --- atopic dermatitis --- intravenous immunoglobulin G --- adaptive immunity --- 16S rRNA gene --- vaginal microbiota --- modularity --- innate immunity --- gut-liver axis --- disease activity --- immune system --- cytokines --- commensals --- Staphylococcus aureus --- dysbiosis --- fecal transplantation --- TLR mimicry --- etanercept --- dextran sulfate sodium --- CAR T-cell --- 3-dihydroxy-4-methoxyBenzaldehyde --- chemo free treatment --- Staphylococcus epidermis --- rheumatoid arthritis --- microbiome --- co-occurrence network --- immune epigenetics --- 2 --- autoimmunity --- superoxide dismutase --- precision medicine --- metabolism --- adoptive cell transfer (ACT) --- gut barrier --- antibiotics --- checkpoint inhibitors --- probiotics --- microbiota --- Candida albicans --- Enterococcus faecalis --- chronic liver diseases --- TCR --- anaerobic bacteria --- HSV2 --- bacteriocins --- methotrexate --- microbial interactions --- T cells --- virus --- mice --- lymphoid malignancies --- HPV --- macrophages --- anti-TNF-? --- inflammation --- chondroitin sulfate disaccharide --- immunotherapy --- genomics --- immuno-oncology --- diet --- aerobic bacteria --- immunological niche --- melanin --- health --- chemokines --- gut microbiota --- cutaneous immunity --- HIV --- TIL --- cancer --- global network
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Phages have shown a high biotechnological potential with numerous applications. The advent of high-resolution microscopy techniques aligned with omic and molecular tools have revealed innovative phage features and enabled new processes that can be further exploited for biotechnological applications in a wide variety of fields. The high-quality original articles and reviews presented in this Special Issue demonstrate the incredible potential of phages and their derived proteins in a wide range of biotechnological applications for human benefit. Considering the emergence of amazing new available bioengineering tools and the high abundance of phages and the multitude of phage proteins yet to be discovered and studied, we believe that the upcoming years will present us with many more fascinating and new previously unimagined phage-based biotechnological applications.
toxicity --- encapsulation --- n/a --- cancerous tumors --- bacteriophage-derived lytic enzyme --- native gel electrophoresis --- bacteriophages --- Cpl-1 --- O-antigen --- ESKAPE --- Clostridium perfringens --- X-ray crystallography --- macromolecular interactions --- safety --- biofilm --- major coat protein --- Streptococcus agalactiae --- Staphylococcus aureus --- tail sheath protein --- magnetic separation --- serotyping --- pathogenic viruses --- liposomes --- tuberculosis --- Listeria monocytogenes --- nanotubular structures --- alpha-sheet --- biosensors --- sarcoidosis --- tailspike proteins --- M13 bacteriophage --- Streptococcus pneumoniae --- gene expression regulation --- bacteriophage recombination --- self-assembly --- phage therapy --- R-type pyocin --- contractile injection systems --- bacteriophage vB_EcoM_FV3 --- microtiter plate assay --- Enterococcus faecalis --- culture enrichment --- drug delivery vehicles --- neurodegenerative disease --- landscape phage --- niosomes --- bacteriophage --- Myoviridae --- bacteriophage evolution --- porous structure --- phage-host interaction --- phage display --- immune response --- antibiotic resistance --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- phage --- bacteriocin --- Appelmans --- fluorescence sensor --- molecular probe --- nanomedicine --- Shigella flexneri --- reporter phage --- filters --- in vitro activity --- capsid dynamics --- immunoscreening --- diagnostics --- microarray --- receptor-binding protein --- endolysin --- enzybiotics --- transfersomes --- T7phage library --- Pal
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