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Scientific research in educational science is not a novelty - at the latest since the 1980s, it has become established through the Commission for Scientific Research of the German Society for Educational Science. Even outside this institutionalized place, one encounters a not inconsiderable number of corresponding studies and publications under this keyword, which affect the disciplinary self-image on different levels and thereby not infrequently attest to a (supposed) peculiarity of the university discipline of educational science in comparison to other disciplines. The empirical investigation of the 'reality' of educational science, as (also) tested in this volume, focuses on different 'problem areas' of the measurement of educational science knowledge and its production. Characteristic for all contributions gathered here is an access to the source material by means of methods of distanced observation, through which semantics, discourse (excerpts), receptions, and reference spaces of educational science are examined exemplarily and in a comparatively abstract perspective, thus allowing conclusions to be drawn about one's own history of knowledge and science. In short: What do we know about educational science when we look at it from a distance?Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version).

Educational exchanges.

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"What motivates international scientists to research and teach at German Universities? How successful is their professional and social integration? What are their long-term career objectives? The MIND study at GATE-Germany (a consortium for international university marketing funded by DAAD and HRK) comprehensively surveyed international post-doctoral academics for the first time on their decision motivation, organisational challenges and their professional and social integration across all participating universities. The resulting quantitative data delivers empirical information about needs and decision criteria of young, post-doctoral academics and therefore expands the experience knowledge of the universities.".

Educational exchanges.

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U.S.-China relations became increasingly important and complex in the twentieth century. While economic, political, and military interactions all grew over time, the most dramatic expansion took place in educational exchange, turning it into the strongest tie between the two nations. By the end of the 1940's, tens of thousands of Chinese and American students and scholars had crisscrossed the Pacific, leaving indelible marks on both societies. Although all exchange programs were terminated during the cold war, the two nations reemerged as top partners within a decade after the reestablishment of diplomatic relations. Approaching U.S.-China relations from a unique and usually overlooked perspective, Hongshan Li reveals that both the drastic expansion and complete termination of educational ties between the two nations in the first half of the twentieth century were largely the results of direct and deep intervention from the American and Chinese governments. Benefiting from government support and collaboration, educational exchange succeeded in diffusing knowledge and improving mutual understanding between the two peoples across the divide of civilizations. However, the visible hand of government also proved to be most destructive to the development of healthy intercultural relations when educational interactions were treated merely as an instrument for crisis management.

Educational exchanges --- China --- United States --- Relations

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This volume analyzes academic exchanges between the United States and the Soviet Union, as well as some of the states of Eastern Europe, from 1958 through 1975 in the framework of Soviet-American cultural relations and of the larger Soviet-American relationship. Academic exchanges with the Soviet Union, which began formally in 1958 and which continue under many of the principles then established, have increased our understanding of the Soviet Union and have created new relationships between our universities and our government. They have often provided the closest and most significant form of personal contact between American and Soviet citizens. They have also played an important political role, although they are called the "neglected aspect" of our foreign policy. They reveal the basic philosophies and policies that separate the two systems and the adversary character of Soviet-American relations.

Educational exchanges --- Educational exchanges --- International Research and Exchanges Board. --- History of specific lands

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Until the early twentieth century, teachers went abroad with assumptions of their own superiority. But by the mid-twentieth century, they became far more self-questioning about their social assumptions, their educational theories, and the complexity of their role in a foreign society. Drawing on extensive archives of teachers' letters and accounts, Zimmerman's narrative explores the teachers' shifting attitudes about their country and themselves, in a world that was more unexpected than they could have imagined.

Educational exchanges --- Teachers --- Faculty (Education) --- Instructors --- School teachers --- Schoolteachers --- School employees --- Exchanges, Educational --- International educational exchanges --- Intellectual cooperation --- Exchange of persons programs --- History