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Solar-type activity over the whole range of the electromagnetic spectrum is a phenomenon inherent in the majority of low- and moderate-mass main sequence stars. In this monograph observational results are summarized in a systematic and comprehensive fashion. The analysis of the various manifestations of such stellar activity leads to the identification of these phenomena with macroscopic non-linear processes in a magnetized plasma. Comparative study of flare stars and the Sun has become increasingly fruitful and is presently an active field of research involving stellar and solar physicists, experts in plasma physics and high-energy astrophysicists. This book will provide them with both an introduction and overview of observational results from the first optical photometry and spectroscopy, from the satellite telescopes International Ultraviolet Explorer to Hubble Space Telescope, XMM-Newton and Chandra, as well as with the present physical interpretation of solar-type activity in main sequence stars. Gershberg's 40-year career studying UV Cet type stars and related objects enables him to provide readers with expert insight into the characteristics of such stars in both the quiescent state and during flares and the reliability of the data over the electromagnetic spectrum and wide temporal scales.

Flare stars. --- Red dwarf stars. --- Ultraviolet spectroscopy. --- Atomic spectroscopy --- Molecular spectroscopy --- Optical spectroscopy --- Red dwarfs --- Dwarf stars --- UV Ceti stars --- Cataclysmic variable stars --- Cool stars

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This thesis presents a study of the origin of an apparently extended X-ray emission associated with the Galactic ridge. The study was carried out with broadband spectra obtained from mapping observations in the Galactic bulge region conducted in 2005–2010 by the Suzaku space X-ray observatory. The spectra were analyzed with a newly constructed X-ray spectral model of an accreting white dwarf binary that is one of the proposed candidate stars for the origin of the Galactic ridge emission in the higher energy band. Fitting of the observed Galactic ridge spectra with the model showed that there is another spectral component that fills the gap between the observed X-ray flux and the component expected from the accreting white dwarf spectral model in the lower energy band. This additional soft spectral component was nicely explained by an X-ray spectral model of normal stars. The result, together with previously reported high-resolution imaging results, strongly supports the idea that the Galactic ridge X-ray emission is an assembly of dim, discrete X-ray point sources.

Astronomy -- Congresses. --- Pulsars. --- X-ray astronomy --- White dwarf stars --- X-ray sources, Galactic --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Astronomy - General --- Astrophysics --- White dwarf stars. --- X-ray astronomy. --- White dwarfs --- Physics. --- Observations, Astronomical. --- Astronomy --- Physical measurements. --- Measurement. --- Astronomy, Observations and Techniques. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Observations. --- Space astronomy --- X-rays --- Compact objects (Astronomy) --- Dwarf stars --- Astronomy—Observations. --- Measurement   . --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Measurement --- Astronomical observations --- Observations, Astronomical --- Suzaku Mission (Japan)

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There has been very considerable progress in research into low-mass stars, brown dwarfs and extrasolar planets during the past few years, particularly since the fist edition of this book was published in 2000. In this new edition the authors present a comprehensive review of both the astrophysical nature of individual red dwarf and brown dwarf stars and their collective statistical properties as an important Galactic stellar population. Chapters dealing with the observational properties of low-mass dwarfs, the stellar mass function and extrasolar planets have been completely revised. Other chapters have been significantly revised and updated as appropriate, including important new material on observational techniques, stellar activity, the Galactic halo and field star surveys. The authors detail the many discoveries of new brown dwarfs and extrasolar planets made since publication of the first edition of the book and provide a state-of-the-art review of our current knowledge of very low-mass stars, brown dwarfs and extrasolar planets, including both the latest observational results and theoretical work.

Physics. --- Astronomy. --- Astrophysics. --- Cosmology. --- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology. --- Dwarf stars. --- Dark matter (Astronomy) --- Nonluminous matter (Astronomy) --- Unobserved matter (Astronomy) --- Unseen matter (Astronomy) --- Interstellar matter --- Low-luminosity stars --- Stars --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics

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Atomic processes in plasmas and gases encompass broad areas in theoretical, experimental, atomic and molecular physics. One example is atomic processes that are involved in the study of various plasmas over a wide range of electron densities and temperatures. The topics in this area covered in the present book include magnetic fusion plasmas, laser-produced plasmas, as well as plasma spectroscopy for all of the above applications. Another example is atomic and molecular processes in neutral gases. Rydberg polar molecules in particular are covered in this book.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- generalized Hamiltonian dynamics --- spherical harmonic oscillator --- classical non-radiating stationary states --- algebraic symmetry of classical systems --- polar molecule --- Rydberg electron --- classical motion --- periodic orbits --- quantum linear oscillator --- chirped laser pulse --- photoexcitation --- laser–plasma interactions --- plasma dynamics and flow --- hypersonic flows --- optical emission spectroscopy --- hydrogen --- cyanide --- Abel inversion --- astrophysics --- white dwarf stars --- charge exchange --- cross section --- tokamak plasmas --- spectroscopy --- plasma spectroscopy --- polarization --- Lyman-alpha --- nuclear fusion --- space-time couplings --- spatiotemporal --- ultrafast optics --- unipolar pulses --- few cycle pulses --- n/a --- laser-plasma interactions