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This working manual provides complete information on the technical aspects of designing, building, and maintaining waterwise landscapes in the Mountain West. Written particularly for professionals, including landscape designers, architects, contractors, and maintenance and irrigation specialists, it has an attractive, well-illustrated, user-friendly format that will make it useful as well to DIY homeowners and to educators, plant retailers, extension agents, and many others.The manual is organized according to landscape principles that are adapted to the climate of the in
Landscape architecture in water conservation --- Water efficiency --- Irrigation efficiency --- Drought-tolerant plants --- Xeriscaping
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Shows how we can contribute to conserving water, our most precious resource, in our home and garden.
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Drought stress is one of the main factors limiting horticultural crops, especially in environments like the Mediterranean basin, which is often characterized by sub-optimal water availability. The global change will determine the increase in semi-arid conditions, so all horticultural crops will have to cope with the water scarcity. Appropriate plant selection and new cultivation methods, especially methods of deficit irrigation, are crucial in improving the crop cultivation performances.Horticultural plants can have specific adaptive mechanisms to overcome the negative effects of drought stress. Drought-tolerant plants show different adjustment mechanisms to overcome this stress, including morphological, physiological, and biochemical modifications. The plant responses include increasing the root/shoot ratio, growth reduction, leaf anatomy change, reduction of leaf size, and reduction of total leaf area to limit the water loss and guarantee the photosynthesis process. Furthermore, drought stress influences gas exchange and other physiological parameters. Recent acquisitions on the mechanism of signal transduction and the development of drought tolerance in plants are useful to understand the action mechanisms. Dr. Stefania Toscano Dr. Giulia Franzoni Dr. Sara Álvarez Guest Editors.
Drought-tolerant plants. --- Plants --- Drought tolerance. --- Drought resistance of plants --- Drought tolerance of plants --- Drought-tolerant plants --- Drought-enduring plants --- Drought-hardy plants --- Drought-resistant plants --- Low water use plants --- Water-conserving plants --- Xeriscaping --- Xerophytes --- Drought resistance --- Hardiness --- Effect of drought on --- Drought tolerance
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Drought is one of the most severe constraints to crop productivity worldwide, and thus it has become a major concern for global food security. Due to an increasing world population, droughts could lead to serious food shortages by 2050. The situation may worsen due to predicated climatic changes that may increase the frequency, duration and severity of droughts. Hence, there is an urgent need to improve our understanding of the complex mechanisms associated with drought tolerance and to develop modern crop varieties that are more resilient to drought. Identification of the genes responsible for drought tolerance in plants will contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that could enable crop plants to respond to drought. The discovery of novel drought related genes, the analysis of their expression patterns in response to drought, and determination of the functions these genes play in drought adaptation will provide a base to develop effective strategies to enhance the drought tolerance of crop plants. Plant breeding efforts to increase crop yields in dry environments have been slow to date mainly due to our poor understanding of the molecular and genetic mechanisms involved in how plants respond to drought. In addition, when it comes to combining favourable alleles, there are practical obstacles to developing superior high yielding genotypes fit for drought prone environments. Drought Tolerance in Plants, Vol 2: Molecular and Genetic Perspectives combines novel topical findings, regarding the major molecular and genetic events associated with drought tolerance, with contemporary crop improvement approaches. This volume is unique as it makes available for its readers not only extensive reports of existing facts and data, but also practical knowledge and overviews of state-of-the-art technologies, across the biological fields, from plant breeding using classical and molecular genetic information, to the modern omic technologies, that are now being used in drought tolerance research to breed drought-related traits into modern crop varieties. This book is useful for teachers and researchers in the fields of plant breeding, molecular biology and biotechnology.
Life sciences. --- Agriculture. --- Plant genetics. --- Plant breeding. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Breeding/Biotechnology. --- Plant Genetics & Genomics. --- Plants --- Drought tolerance. --- Drought resistance of plants --- Drought tolerance of plants --- Drought resistance --- Crops --- Agriculture --- Breeding --- Genetics --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Drought-tolerant plants --- Hardiness --- Effect of drought on --- Plant Genetics and Genomics.
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Plant stress caused by drought and salinity are among the major constraints on crop production and food security worldwide. Breeding programs to improve crop yield in dry and saline environments have progressed slowly due to our limited understanding of the underlying physiological, biochemical, developmental, and genetic mechanisms that determine plant responses to these forms of stress, as well as to technical difficulties in combining favorable alleles to create the improved high yielding genotypes needed for these environments. Advances in Molecular Breeding toward Drought and Salt Tolerant Crops seeks to integrate the most recent findings about key biological determinants of plant stress tolerance with modern crop improvement strategies. This volume is unique because is provides exceptionally wide coverage of current knowledge and expertise being applied in drought and salt tolerance research, spanning the scientific hierarchy from physiology, biochemistry, development, and genetics, to the newest technologies being used to manipulate drought and salinity associated traits for germplasm improvement. This book will be an invaluable reference for educators and researchers in agronomy and horticulture, crop breeding, molecular genetics, and biotechnology.
Crops --- Drought-tolerant plants. --- Plants --- Salt-tolerant crops. --- Soils, Salts in. --- Molecular genetics. --- Drought tolerance. --- Saline soils --- Soil salinity --- Soils --- Salinity --- Halophytic crops --- Biosaline resources --- Halophytes --- Saline irrigation --- Drought resistance of plants --- Drought tolerance of plants --- Drought-tolerant plants --- Drought-enduring plants --- Drought-hardy plants --- Drought-resistant plants --- Low water use plants --- Water-conserving plants --- Xeriscaping --- Xerophytes --- Agricultural crops --- Crop plants --- Farm crops --- Industrial crops --- Farm produce --- Plants, Cultivated --- Agronomy --- Crop science --- Plant products --- Salts content --- Composition --- Effect of salts on --- Drought resistance --- Hardiness --- Effect of drought on --- Drought tolerance --- Plant genetics. --- Botany. --- Plant Genetics and Genomics. --- Plant Sciences. --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Biology --- Natural history --- Genetics --- Plant science. --- Floristic botany
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Desiccation tolerance was essential when plants first began to conquer land, roughly 400 million years ago. While most desiccation-tolerant plants belong to basal phylogenetic taxa, this capacity has also evolved among some vascular plant species. In this volume renowned experts treat plant desiccation tolerance at the organismic as well as at the cellular level. The diversity of ecophysiological adaptations and acclimations of cyanobacteria, eukaryotic algae, mosses, and lichens is addressed in several chapters. The particular problems of vascular plants during dehydration/rehydration cycles resulting not only from their hydraulic architectures, but also from severe secondary stresses associated with the desiccated state are discussed. Based on the treatment of desiccation tolerance at the organismic level, a second section of the book is devoted to the cell biological level. It delineates the general concepts of functional genomics, epigenetics, genetics, molecular biology and the sensing and signalling networks of systems biology involved in dehydration/rehydration cycles. This book provides an invaluable compilation of current knowledge, which is a prerequisite for a better understanding of plant desiccation tolerance in natural as well as agro- and forest ecosystems where water is one of the most essential resources.
Drought-tolerant plants. --- Plants -- Adaptation. --- Plants -- Drought tolerance. --- Plant-water relationships. --- Plant-water relationships --- Plants --- Drought-tolerant plants --- Botany --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Plant Ecology --- Plant Physiology --- Drought tolerance --- Adaptation --- Drought tolerance. --- Drought resistance of plants --- Drought tolerance of plants --- Plants and water --- Water and plants --- Water-plant relationships --- Drought resistance --- Life sciences. --- Plant biochemistry. --- Plant ecology. --- Plant anatomy. --- Plant development. --- Plant genetics. --- Plant physiology. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Ecology. --- Plant Physiology. --- Plant Genetics & Genomics. --- Plant Biochemistry. --- Plant Anatomy/Development. --- Soil moisture --- Hardiness --- Effect of drought on --- Biochemistry. --- Plant Genetics and Genomics. --- Plant structure --- Structural botany --- Vegetable anatomy --- Anatomy --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Genetics --- Physiology --- Ecology --- Structure --- Composition --- Phytoecology --- Vegetation ecology --- Development of plants --- Plant development --- Developmental biology --- Growth (Plants) --- Phytochemistry --- Plant biochemistry --- Plant chemistry --- Biochemistry --- Phytochemicals --- Plant biochemical genetics --- Ontogeny --- Floristic ecology --- Botanical chemistry. --- Plant Genetics. --- Plant Development. --- Development.
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"In general, the book will cater to the needs of plant breeders, researchers/scientists, under-graduate, and graduate students in the field of agriculture. It is a valuable contribution to the current knowledge on breeding for drought tolerance and provides historical background, successes, and potential for the future. We strongly recommend this book to readers as a valuable source of information and a worthwhile addition to one’s book shelf." - Crop Science Plant breeding for water limited environments has always been a contemporary issue in dryland and rainfed agriculture. However, formal knowledge and methodology in this specific plant breeding domain has been scattered and even lacking, mainly because it is an interdisciplinary endeavor. With the recent looming problem of global warming and water crisis the issue is becoming even more urgent and timely. This book is the first comprehensive and singular treaties on the subject which integrates theory and practice to the extent that it can be used as a plant breeding manual. A main task in writing this book was to sort out the grain from the chaff. In order to achieve it, some threshing was required. The book opens with the essential background on the moisture environment and how it affects plant water status, plant function and plant productivity. It continues from there to explain how plants cope with drought stress by plant constitutive or stress adaptive traits which help to avoid or tolerate dehydration. It concentrates on traits and processes which can be manipulate by plant breeding, separately from those which to date have not yet reached the state of application. Methods of phenotyping and selection for drought resistance are dealt with in detail concentrating again on proven utility, especially under field conditions. Genetic diversity and genetic resources, either practical or potential are discussed and sorted out. Finally, all of the above is funneled into a discussion of some exemplary breeding schemes. The potential of molecular and genomic methods towards breeding for water limited environments are discussed here only where they have been already tested and fully proven as useful at this time. Whereas plant breeding is a science, an engineering project as well as an art, this book is also a reflection of the author’s experience and opinions. It is offered as a sensible and an educational tool to the practitioner, teacher and student in the academia and the industry. Abraham Blum is senior scientist retired from The Volcani Center, Agriculture Research Organization, at Bet Dagan, Israel where he headed the dryland wheat and sorghum breeding programs. Throughout his career his main interest was in understanding how plants cope with drought and heat stress and subsequently identify principles and develop methods for the genetic improvement of plant production under drought and heat stress. He authored numerous scientific papers and reviews on the subject as well as a book entitled ‘Plant Breeding for Stress Environments’. Presently he is consulting and teaching, while curating his web site at www.plantstress.com.
Plant breeding. --- Plants --- Drought resistance of plants --- Drought tolerance of plants --- Crops --- Drought tolerance. --- Drought resistance --- Breeding --- Life sciences. --- Plant science. --- Botany. --- Plant genetics. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Breeding/Biotechnology. --- Plant Sciences. --- Plant Genetics & Genomics. --- Agriculture --- Drought-tolerant plants --- Hardiness --- Effect of drought on --- Plant Genetics and Genomics. --- Genetics --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Biology --- Natural history --- Floristic botany --- Dry farming --- Food crops - Breeding --- Food crops
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Abiotic stress adversely affects crop production worldwide, decreasing average yields for most of the crops to 50%. Among various abiotic stresses affecting agricultural production, drought stress is considered to be the main source of yield reduction around the globe. Due to an increasing world population, drought stress will lead to a serious food shortage by 2050. The situation may become worse due to predicated global climate change that may multiply the frequency and duration and severity of such abiotic stresses. Hence, there is an urgent need to improve our understanding on complex mechanisms of drought stress tolerance and to develop modern varieties that are more resilient to drought stress. Identification of the potential novel genes responsible for drought tolerance in crop plants will contribute to understanding the molecular mechanism of crop responses to drought stress. The discovery of novel genes, the analysis of their expression patterns in response to drought stress, and the determination of their potential functions in drought stress adaptation will provide the basis of effective engineering strategies to enhance crop drought stress tolerance. Although the in-depth water stress tolerance mechanisms is still unclear, it can be to some extent explained on the basis of ion homeostasis mediated by stress adaptation effectors, toxic radical scavenging, osmolyte biosynthesis, water transport, and long distance signaling response coordination. Importantly, complete elucidation of the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms for drought stress, perception, transduction, and tolerance is still a challenge to the plant biologists. The findings presented in volume 1 call attention to the physiological and biochemical modalities of drought stress that influence crop productivity, whereas volume 2 summarizes our current understanding on the molecular and genetic mechanisms of drought stress resistance in plants.
Life sciences. --- Agriculture. --- Plant biochemistry. --- Plant physiology. --- Plant breeding. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Breeding/Biotechnology. --- Plant Physiology. --- Plant Biochemistry. --- Plants --- Drought tolerance. --- Effect of drought on. --- Plants, Effect of drought on --- Drought resistance of plants --- Drought tolerance of plants --- Drought resistance --- Crops --- Agriculture --- Breeding --- Botany --- Physiology --- Phytochemistry --- Plant biochemistry --- Plant chemistry --- Biochemistry --- Phytochemicals --- Plant biochemical genetics --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Droughts --- Drought-tolerant plants --- Drought tolerance --- Hardiness --- Effect of drought on --- Biochemistry. --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Composition
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This book provides a comprehensive overview of the multiple strategies that plants have developed to cope with drought, one of the most severe environmental stresses. Experts in the field present 17 chapters, each of which focuses on a basic concept as well as the latest findings. The following major aspects are covered in the book: · Morphological and anatomical adaptations · Physiological responses · Biochemical and molecular responses · Ecophysiological responses · Responses to drought under field conditions The contributions will serve as an invaluable source of information for researchers and advanced students in the fields of plant sciences, agriculture, ecophysiology, biochemistry and molecular biology.
Life sciences. --- Plant anatomy. --- Plant breeding. --- Plant ecology. --- Plants --- Plant physiology --- Botany --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Plant Physiology --- Effect of drought on --- Effect of stress on --- Adaptation --- Drought tolerance. --- Effect of drought on. --- Plants, Effect of drought on --- Drought resistance of plants --- Drought tolerance of plants --- Drought resistance --- Agriculture. --- Plant biochemistry. --- Plant development. --- Plant genetics. --- Plant physiology. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Physiology. --- Plant Ecology. --- Plant Biochemistry. --- Plant Genetics & Genomics. --- Plant Anatomy/Development. --- Droughts --- Drought-tolerant plants --- Drought tolerance --- Hardiness --- Biochemistry. --- Plant Genetics and Genomics. --- Plant structure --- Structural botany --- Vegetable anatomy --- Anatomy --- Genetics --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Ecology --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Physiology --- Structure --- Composition --- Phytoecology --- Vegetation ecology --- Development of plants --- Plant development --- Developmental biology --- Growth (Plants) --- Phytochemistry --- Plant biochemistry --- Plant chemistry --- Biochemistry --- Phytochemicals --- Plant biochemical genetics --- Ontogeny --- Floristic ecology --- Plants - Effect of drought on --- Plants - Effect of stress on --- Plants - Adaptation
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This book presents various aspects of salt and drought stress signaling in crops, combining physiological, biochemical, and molecular studies. Salt and drought stress are two major constraints on crop production worldwide. Plants possess several mechanisms to cope with the adverse effects of salt and drought. Among these mechanisms, stress signaling is very important, because it integrates and regulates nuclear gene expression and other cellular activities, which can help to restore cellular homeostasis. Accordingly, understanding the signaling cascades will help plant biologists to grasp the tolerance mechanisms that allow breeders to develop tolerant crop varieties. This book is an essential resource for researchers and graduate students working on salt and drought stress physiology and plant breeding. .
Plant physiology. --- Plant biochemistry. --- Agriculture. --- Plant ecology. --- Plant breeding. --- Plant Physiology. --- Plant Biochemistry. --- Plant Ecology. --- Plant Breeding/Biotechnology. --- Crops --- Agriculture --- Breeding --- Botany --- Plants --- Ecology --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Phytochemistry --- Plant biochemistry --- Plant chemistry --- Biochemistry --- Phytochemicals --- Plant biochemical genetics --- Physiology --- Drought resistance of plants --- Drought tolerance of plants --- Drought-tolerant plants --- Plants, Effect of salt on --- Salt --- Effect of salt on. --- Drought tolerance. --- Drought resistance --- Hardiness --- Effect of drought on --- Effect of salts on --- Physiological effect --- Phytoecology --- Vegetation ecology --- Floristic ecology --- Agricultura --- Sequeres --- Sòls salins --- Salinitat dels sòls --- Composició dels sòls --- Salinitat --- Secades --- Sequera --- Temps (Meteorologia) --- Pluja --- Agronomia --- Ciències de la vida --- Agricultura biològica --- Agricultura de muntanya --- Agricultura de precisió --- Agricultura de subsistència --- Agricultura sostenible --- Agricultura urbana --- Agrosilvicultura --- Aqüicultura --- Arbres --- Boscos --- Climatologia agrícola --- Conreu --- Conreus de regadiu --- Conreus extensius --- Dones en l'agricultura --- Extensió agrària --- Floricultura --- Indústria agrícola --- Indústria ramadera --- Investigació agrícola --- Jardineria --- Millorament selectiu de plantes --- Pagesia --- Pastures --- Productes agrícoles --- Protecció de les plantes --- Revolució verda --- Silvicultura --- Zootècnia --- Història de l'agricultura --- Pagesos --- Ramaderia --- Botanical chemistry. --- Plant biotechnology. --- Plant Biotechnology. --- Crop biotechnology --- Agricultural biotechnology --- Biotechnology --- Agricultura.
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