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Multiple art --- Art --- Art --- History. --- Copying --- History. --- Reproduction --- History.

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Our world is full of copies. This proliferation includes not just the copying that occurs online and the cultural copying of globalization but the works of avant-garde writers challenging cultural and political authority. In Make It the Same, Jacob Edmond examines the turn toward repetition in poetry, using the explosion of copying to offer a deeply inventive account of modern and contemporary literature.Make It the Same explores how poetry-an art form associated with the singular, inimitable utterance-is increasingly made from other texts through sampling, appropriation, translation, remediation, performance, and other forms of repetition, as opposed to privileging "innovative" or "original" works. Edmond tracks the rise of copy poetry across media from the tape recorder to the computer and through various cultures, languages, and places, reading across aesthetic, linguistic, geopolitical, and media divides. He illuminates the common form that unites a diverse range of writers from dub poets to conceptualists, samizdat wordsmiths to Twitter-trolling provocateurs, analyzing the works of such writers as Kamau Brathwaite, Dmitri Prigov, Caroline Bergvall, Vanessa Place, Christian Bök, Hsia Yü, and Tan Lin. Edmond develops an alternative account of modernist and contemporary literature as defined not by innovation-as in Ezra Pound's slogan "make it new"-but by a system of continuous copying. Make It the Same transforms global literary history, showing how the old hierarchies of original and derivative, center and periphery are overturned when we recognize copying as the engine of literary change.

Poetry, Modern --- Literature and technology. --- Copying processes. --- Digital media. --- History and criticism. --- Electronic media --- New media (Digital media) --- Mass media --- Digital communications --- Online journalism --- Autographic processes --- Commercial correspondence --- Duplicating processes --- Manifolding --- Reproduction processes --- Reprography --- Typewriting --- Writing --- Copying --- Copying services --- Documentation --- Letter services --- Industry and literature --- Technology and literature --- Technology --- Copying processes

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German critic Walter Benjamin wrote some immensely influential words on the work of art in the age of mechanical reproduction. Luxury fashion houses would say something shorter and sharper and much more legally binding on the rip-off merchants who fake their products. Marcus Boon, a Canadian English professor with an accessible turn of phrase, takes us on an erudite voyage through the theme in a serious but engaging encounter with the ideas of thinkers as varied as Plato, Hegel, Orson Welles, Benjamin, Heidegger, Louis Vuitton, Takashi Murakami and many more, on topics as philosophically taxing and pop-culture-light as mimesis, Christianity, capitalism, authenticity, Uma Thurman's handbag and Disneyland.

Film --- East Asia --- Motion pictures --- Cinéma --- Copying. --- Electronic books. -- local. --- Mahayana Buddhism -- Doctrines. --- Philosophical anthropology. --- Mahayana Buddhism --- Doctrines. --- Anthropology, Philosophical --- Man (Philosophy) --- Civilization --- Life --- Ontology --- Humanism --- Persons --- Philosophy of mind --- Copying processes --- Philosophy

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Die Aufzeichnung des zeitlich-dynamischen Verlaufs der Wortschreibung erweitert aktuelle psycho- und neurolinguistische Modelle der schriftlichen Wortproduktion um den Prozessaspekt und trägt in erheblichem Umfang dazu bei, Rückschlüsse auf die beteiligten kognitiven Prozesse sowie deren Ablauf und Interaktion zu ziehen. Die Grundannahme ist, dass sich besondere Belastungen (z.B. durch orthographische Schwierigkeiten) im zeitlichen Verlauf niederschlagen und dadurch identifiziert werden können. Um diese Störungen zu erkennen, muss zunächst bekannt sein, wodurch sich der automatisierte Schreibprozess auszeichnet. Daher stützt sich die Analyse und Interpretation der Daten in dieser Untersuchung auf eine umfangreiche Darstellung der kinematischen und neurolinguistischen Grundlagen. Die entwickelte Methode wird auf Schreibungen einzelner Wörter durch Kinder im mittleren Schulalter angewendet. Durch die Zusammenführung der Verhaltensdaten mit den sprachlichen Eigenschaften der geschriebenen Wörter konnte das implizite Regelwissen der Kinder überprüft werden. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt lag auf der Dehnung und Schärfung.

Writing --- Keyboarding --- Transcription --- Language and languages --- Speech --- Transcribing --- Copying --- Psychological aspects. --- Handwriting. --- Orthography. --- Psycholinguistics. --- Standard Language Acquisition.

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How xerography became a creative medium and political tool, arming artists and activists on the margins with an accessible means of making their messages public. This is the story of how the xerographic copier, or "Xerox machine," became a creative medium for artists and activists during the last few decades of the twentieth century. Paper jams, mangled pages, and even fires made early versions of this clunky office machine a source of fear, rage, dread, and disappointment. But eventually, xerography democratized print culture by making it convenient and affordable for renegade publishers, zinesters, artists, punks, anarchists, queers, feminists, street activists, and others to publish their work and to get their messages out on the street. The xerographic copier adjusted the lived and imagined margins of society, Eichhorn argues, by supporting artistic and political expression and mobilizing subcultural movements. Eichhorn describes early efforts to use xerography to create art and the occasional scapegoating of urban copy shops and xerographic technologies following political panics, using the post-9/11 raid on a Toronto copy shop as her central example. She examines New York's downtown art and punk scenes of the 1970s to 1990s, arguing that xerography--including photocopied posters, mail art, and zines--changed what cities looked like and how we experienced them. And she looks at how a generation of activists and artists deployed the copy machine in AIDS and queer activism while simultaneously introducing the copy machine's gritty, DIY aesthetics into international art markets. Xerographic copy machines are now defunct. Office copiers are digital, and activists rely on social media more than photocopied posters. And yet, Eichhorn argues, even though we now live in a post-xerographic era, the grassroots aesthetics and political legacy of xerography persists.

Xerography --- Photocopying --- Student movements --- Social movements --- Social aspects. --- History --- Movements, Social --- Activism, Student --- Campus disorders --- Student activism --- Student protest --- Student unrest --- Document copying --- Photocopying processes --- Photoduplication --- Photographic reproduction --- Photography of documents --- Photography of manuscripts --- Xeroxing (Trademark) --- Social history --- Social psychology --- Youth movements --- Student protesters --- Copying processes --- Photocopying services --- Electrostatic printing --- CULTURAL STUDIES/General --- SOCIAL SCIENCES/Media Studies --- Sociological theories --- xerography