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Die Digitalisierung hat den Diskurs der Architektur verändert: Dieser ist mittlerweile von einer Fülle neuer Begriffe bestimmt, die bislang entweder keine oder doch andere Bedeutungen im Kontext der Architekturtheorie und des architektonischen Entwurfs hatten. Seine Begrifflichkeiten und Strategien werden zunehmend durch Einflüsse geprägt, die an der Schnittstelle zu wissenschaftlichen und kulturellen Vorstelllungen der modernen Informationstechnologie entstehen. Ziel der neuen Reihe Kontext Architektur ist es deshalb, eine kritische Auswahl jener Begriffe zur Debatte zu stellen, die im aktuellen Diskurs eine Rolle spielen. Als Vitruv den Architekten als "uomo universale" beschrieb, schuf er dessen Selbstverständnis als eines Generalisten, der eine komplexe Realität gestaltet. Der architektonische Begriff der Komplexität hielt allerdings mit der industriell-gesellschaftlichen Wirklichkeit nicht Schritt, er verflachte zu einer formalen Beliebigkeit. Die architektonische Moderne setzte dagegen die Vereinfachung "Less is More". Vor diesem Hintergrund führte Robert Venturi den Begriff in den Architekturdiskurs neu ein: Es ging dabei nicht nur um eine Wiedergewinnung der Komplexität der architektonischen Formen und ihrer Geschichte, sondern auch um das Eingehen auf das Vorgefundene als konkrete Realität. Heute prägt die Komplexitätsforschung, ausgehend von der Physik, den aktuellen Umgang mit dem Begriff der Komplexität. Sie hat eine neue Verbindung zwischen Naturwissenschaften und Informationstechnologie geknüpft und ist so zu einer zentralen Voraussetzung computerbasierter Entwurfskonzepte geworden. Digitalization has transformed the discourse of architecture: that discourse is now defined by a wealth of new terms and concepts that previously either had no meaning, or had different meanings, in the context of architectural theory and design. Its concepts and strategies are increasingly shaped by influences emerging at the intersection with scientific and cultural notions from modern information technology. The series Context Architecture seeks to take a critical selection of concepts that play a vital role in the current discourse and put them up for discussion. When Vitruvius described the architect as a "uomo universale," he gave rise to the architect's conception of him- or herself as a generalist who shapes a complex reality. The architectural concept of complexity, however, failed to keep pace with industrial and social reality, becoming instead an increasingly formal and superficial notion that could ultimately be applied to almost anything. Against it, architectural modernism set the watchword of simplification: "less is more." In this situation, Robert Venturi reintroduced the notion of complexity into architectural discourse: his goal was not just to restore the complexity of architectonic forms and their history but also to explore the concrete reality of the existing built environment. Today it is complexity studies, with their starting point in physics, that define the current approach to the concept of complexity. They have established a new connection between the natural sciences and information technology and have thus become a central premise of computer-based approaches to design.

Architecture --- Complexity (Philosophy) --- Complexité (Philosophie) --- Philosophy. --- Philosophie --- Complexité (Philosophie) --- Philosophy --- Emergence (Philosophy)

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This text provides an intimate, highly readable tour of the sciences of complexity, which seek to explain how large-scale complex, organized, and adaptive behaviour can emerge from simple interactions among myriad individuals.

Complexity (Philosophy) --- Philosophy --- Emergence (Philosophy) --- 51 --- complexiteit --- complexiteitstheorie --- computers --- 681.3*2.13 --- 681.3*F2 --- Computerwetenschap--?*2.13 --- Analysis of algorithms and problem complexity --- Complexité (Philosophie) --- Mathematical statistics --- Philosophy of science --- Complexity (Philosophy).

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Chaotic behavior in systems --- Complexity (Philosophy) --- Chaos --- Complexité (Philosophie) --- Periodicals. --- Périodiques --- Périodiques. --- Periodicals --- Mathematical Sciences --- Algorithms --- Complex Analysis --- Chaotic behavior in systems. --- Chaos in systems --- Chaos theory --- Chaotic motion in systems --- chaotic system --- complex systems --- complex networks --- descriptive complexity --- Philosophy --- Emergence (Philosophy) --- Differentiable dynamical systems --- Dynamics --- Nonlinear theories --- System theory --- Computer. Automation

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In Complexity and Postmodernism, Paul Cilliers explores the idea of complexity in the light of contemporary perspectives from philosophy and science. Cilliers offers us a unique approach to understanding complexity and computational theory by integrating postmodern theory (like that of Derrida and Lyotard) into his discussion. Complexity and Postmodernism is an exciting and an original book that should be read by anyone interested in gaining a fresh understanding of complexity, postmodernism and connectionism.

Complexity (Philosophy) --- Computational complexity. --- Postmodernism. --- Post-modernism --- Postmodernism (Philosophy) --- Arts, Modern --- Avant-garde (Aesthetics) --- Modernism (Art) --- Philosophy, Modern --- Post-postmodernism --- Complexity, Computational --- Electronic data processing --- Machine theory --- Philosophy --- Emergence (Philosophy) --- Computational complexity --- Complexité (Philosophie) --- Complexité de calcul (Informatique) --- Postmodernisme --- Complexity (Philosophy).

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Explores the history of China between the Mongol reunification of China in 1279 under the Yuan dynasty and the Manchu invasion four centuries later, explaining how climate changes profoundly affected the empire during this period.

History of Asia --- anno 1600-1699 --- anno 1200-1499 --- anno 1500-1599 --- China --- Despotism --- Complexity (Philosophy) --- Despotisme --- Complexité (Philosophie) --- History. --- Social aspects --- Histoire --- Aspect social --- South China Sea Region --- Chine --- Chine méridionale, Région de la mer de --- History --- Economic conditions --- Commerce --- Environmental conditions. --- Conditions économiques --- Environnement --- Environmental aspects --- South China Sea --- Environmental conditions --- S04/0660 --- S04/0670 --- China: History--Yuan: .... - 1368 --- China: History--Ming: 1368 - 1644 --- China -- Economic conditions -- To 1644. --- China -- Environmental conditions. --- China -- History -- Ming dynasty, 1368-1644. --- China -- History -- Yuan dynasty, 1260-1368. --- Commerce -- Environmental aspects -- China -- History. --- Commerce -- Social aspects -- China -- History. --- Complexity (Philosophy) -- Social aspects -- China -- History. --- Despotism -- China -- History. --- Regions & Countries - Asia & the Middle East --- History & Archaeology --- East Asia --- Complexité (Philosophie) --- Chine méridionale, Région de la mer de --- Conditions économiques --- Trade --- Absolutism --- Autocracy --- Tyranny --- Biển Đông --- China Sea, South --- Dagat Timog Tsina --- Laut Cina Selatan --- Laut Tiongkok Selatan --- Laut Tjina --- Mar da China Meridional --- Minami Shinakai --- Nan Hai --- Nan Kai --- Nan Zhongguo Hai --- Thalē Čhīn Tai --- Cina --- Kinë --- Cathay --- Chinese National Government --- Chung-kuo kuo min cheng fu --- Republic of China (1912-1949) --- Kuo min cheng fu (China : 1912-1949) --- Chung-hua min kuo (1912-1949) --- Kina (China) --- National Government (1912-1949) --- China (Republic : 1912-1949) --- People's Republic of China --- Chinese People's Republic --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo --- Central People's Government of Communist China --- Chung yang jen min cheng fu --- Chung-hua chung yang jen min kung ho kuo --- Central Government of the People's Republic of China --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo --- Kitaĭskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- Činská lidová republika --- RRT --- Republik Rakjat Tiongkok --- KNR --- Kytaĭsʹka Narodna Respublika --- Jumhūriyat al-Ṣīn al-Shaʻbīyah --- RRC --- Kitaĭ --- Kínai Népköztársaság --- Chūka Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- Erets Sin --- Sin --- Sāthāranarat Prachāchon Čhīn --- P.R. China --- PR China --- Chung-kuo --- Zhongguo --- Zhonghuaminguo (1912-1949) --- Zhong guo --- République Populaire de Chine --- República Popular China --- Catay --- VR China --- VRChina --- 中國 --- Jhongguó --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaxu Dundadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaqu Dumdadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Dundad Ard Uls --- Khi︠a︡tad --- Kitad --- Dumdadu Ulus --- Dumdad Uls --- Думдад Улс --- Kitajska --- 中国 --- 中华人民共和国 --- Authoritarianism --- Dictatorship --- Totalitarianism --- Philosophy --- Emergence (Philosophy) --- Economics --- Business --- Transportation --- Environmental aspects&delete& --- Social aspects&delete& --- China (Republic : 1949- ) --- PRC --- P.R.C. --- BNKhAU --- БНХАУ --- Traffic (Commerce) --- Merchants --- East Sea (South China Sea) --- Despotism - China - History --- Complexity (Philosophy) - Social aspects - China - History --- Commerce - Social aspects - China - History --- Commerce - Environmental aspects - China - History --- China - History - Yuan dynasty, 1260-1368 --- China - History - Ming dynasty, 1368-1644 --- China - Environmental conditions --- China - Economic conditions - To 1644 --- South China Sea - Commerce - History