Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Genetics --- Genomes --- Genome --- Periodicals. --- periodicals. --- Genomics --- Mutation (Biology) --- Génétique --- Génome humain --- Research --- Biology --- Embryology --- Mendel's law --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Breeding --- Chromosomes --- Heredity --- Variation (Biology) --- Genes --- Proteome --- Genetic Structures --- Genetic Phenomena --- Chromosome Aberrations. --- Mutation. --- Abnormalities, Autosome --- Abnormalities, Chromosomal --- Abnormalities, Chromosome --- Chromosomal Aberrations --- Chromosome Abnormalities --- Cytogenetic Abnormalities --- Autosome Abnormalities --- Cytogenetic Aberrations --- Aberration, Chromosomal --- Aberration, Chromosome --- Aberration, Cytogenetic --- Aberrations, Chromosomal --- Aberrations, Chromosome --- Aberrations, Cytogenetic --- Abnormalities, Cytogenetic --- Abnormality, Autosome --- Abnormality, Chromosomal --- Abnormality, Chromosome --- Abnormality, Cytogenetic --- Autosome Abnormality --- Chromosomal Aberration --- Chromosomal Abnormalities --- Chromosomal Abnormality --- Chromosome Aberration --- Chromosome Abnormality --- Cytogenetic Aberration --- Cytogenetic Abnormality --- Cytogenetics --- Genetics, Medical --- Cytogenetic Analysis --- Mutations --- DNA Damage --- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length --- abnormalities

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The science of human genetics has advanced at an exponential pace since the double-helix structure of DNA was identified in 1953. Within only 25 years of that discovery, the first gene was sequenced. Subsequent efforts in the span of a few decades have brought advanced next-generation sequencing and new tools for genome editing, allowing scientists to write and rewrite the code of life. We are now realizing that genetics represents yet another system of information technology that follows Moore’s law, stating that computer processing power roughly doubles every two years. Importantly, with such rapid and sophisticated advancements, any tools or studies applicable to adult genetics can now also be applied to embryos.Genetic disorders affect 1% of live births and are responsible for 20% of pediatric hospitalizations and 20% of infant mortality. Many disorders are caused by recessive or X-linked genetic mutations carried by 85% of humans. Because assisted reproduction has armed us with technologies like in vitro fertilization that provide access to human embryos, we began to screen some genetic diseases simply by selecting sex. The first live births following preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) to identify sex in X-linked disease were reported by Alan Handyside in 1990. This groundbreaking work used the identification of male embryos and selective transfer of unaffected normal or carrier females as proof-of-concept to avoid genetic diseases, paving the way to extend the concept to PGT for monogenic diseases (PGT-M), including Mendelian single-gene defects (autosomal dominant/recessive, X-linked dominant/recessive), severe childhood lethality or early-onset disease, cancer predisposition, and HLA typing for histocompatible cord-blood stem cells’ transplantation. Later, we moved onto the identification and selection of euploid embryos by analysing all 23 pairs of chromosomes in 4–8 cells from the trophectoderm, called PGT for aneuploidy (PGT-A). PGT-A currently leverages next-generation sequencing technologies to uncover meiotic- and mitotic-origin aneuploidies affecting whole chromosomes, as well as duplications/deletions of small chromosome regions. A step forward was the use of structural chromosome rearrangements (PGT-SR) to identify Robertsonian and reciprocal translocations, inversions, and balanced vs. unbalanced rearrangements. Another advancement came with PGT for polygenic risk scoring (PGT-P). This technique takes us from learning how to read simple words to starting to understand poetry (i.e., evolving from PGT-M/A/SR to PGT-P for multifactorial, polygenic risk prediction). Moreover, we are moving from embryo selection to intervention because the genetic code is not only readable, but also re-writeable. Indeed, gene editing is now possible using tools like CRISPR/Cas9, which are applicable to all species, including human embryos.

extracellular vesicles --- exosomes --- microvesicles --- apoptotic bodies --- DNA --- preimplantation embryos --- murine blastocysts --- embryo --- uterus --- window of implantation --- PGT-A --- PGT-SR --- mosaicism --- embryo genetics --- chromosomal abnormality --- preimplantation genetic testing --- PGT-P --- polygenic risk scoring --- genomic index --- relative risk reduction --- combined preimplantation genetic testing --- Preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT-M) --- Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy assessment (PGT-A) --- Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) --- male infertility --- advanced maternal age --- aneuploidy --- NGS --- segmental --- translocations --- monogenic disease --- multiplex PCR --- SNP array --- genome editing --- genetic diseases --- embryos --- vitrification --- ovarian response --- female age --- genetic testing --- reproductive health --- next-generation sequencing --- whole exome sequencing --- perinatal care --- infertility --- aneuploidies --- polygenic disease --- blastocyst --- endometrium --- implantation

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Bioethics --- Chromosome Aberrations --- Genetic Diseases, Inborn --- Genetics, Medical --- Medische genetica. --- Health Sciences --- Genetics --- Medical genetics --- Human genetics --- Génétique médicale --- Génétique humaine --- Bioéthique --- Bioethics. --- Human genetics. --- Medical genetics. --- Chromosome Aberrations. --- Genetic Diseases, Inborn. --- Genetics, Medical. --- Biology --- Biomedical ethics --- Life sciences --- Life sciences ethics --- Science --- Clinical genetics --- Diseases --- Heredity of disease --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Genetic disorders --- Heredity, Human --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology --- Genetic Diseases --- Genetic Disorders --- Hereditary Disease --- Inborn Genetic Diseases --- Single-Gene Defects --- Hereditary Diseases --- Defect, Single-Gene --- Defects, Single-Gene --- Disease, Genetic --- Disease, Hereditary --- Disease, Inborn Genetic --- Diseases, Genetic --- Diseases, Hereditary --- Diseases, Inborn Genetic --- Disorder, Genetic --- Disorders, Genetic --- Genetic Disease --- Genetic Disease, Inborn --- Genetic Disorder --- Inborn Genetic Disease --- Single Gene Defects --- Single-Gene Defect --- Abnormalities, Autosome --- Abnormalities, Chromosomal --- Abnormalities, Chromosome --- Chromosomal Aberrations --- Chromosome Abnormalities --- Cytogenetic Abnormalities --- Autosome Abnormalities --- Cytogenetic Aberrations --- Aberration, Chromosomal --- Aberration, Chromosome --- Aberration, Cytogenetic --- Aberrations, Chromosomal --- Aberrations, Chromosome --- Aberrations, Cytogenetic --- Abnormalities, Cytogenetic --- Abnormality, Autosome --- Abnormality, Chromosomal --- Abnormality, Chromosome --- Abnormality, Cytogenetic --- Autosome Abnormality --- Chromosomal Aberration --- Chromosomal Abnormalities --- Chromosomal Abnormality --- Chromosome Aberration --- Chromosome Abnormality --- Cytogenetic Aberration --- Cytogenetic Abnormality --- Chromosomes --- Cytogenetics --- Cytogenetic Analysis --- Medical Genetics --- Anthropology, Physical --- Chromosome Disorders --- Sex Chromosome Disorders --- Molecular Medicine --- Biomedical Ethics --- Health Care Ethics --- Ethics, Biomedical --- Ethics, Health Care --- Ethics, Medical --- Ethicists --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Genetic aspects --- abnormalities --- genetica --- genetics --- geneeskunde --- medicine --- genetische stoornissen --- genetic disorders --- mens --- man --- humane ziekten --- human diseases --- Genetics (General) --- Medicine (General) --- Genetica (algemeen) --- Geneeskunde (algemeen) --- Chromosome abnormalities. --- Genetic disorders. --- Bioéthique. --- Aberrations chromosomiques. --- Maladies génétiques. --- Génétique médicale. --- Congenital diseases --- Disorders, Inherited --- Genetic diseases --- Hereditary diseases --- Inherited diseases --- Chromosomal aberrations --- Chromosome anomalies --- Karyotypes --- Mutation (Biology) --- Chromosome abnormalities

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Genetics --- Medical genetics --- Génétique médicale --- Periodicals. --- Périodiques --- Genetic Diseases, Inborn. --- Chromosome Aberrations. --- Genetics, Medical. --- Medical genetics. --- Human Genetics --- Medical Genetics --- Genetics, Human --- Anthropology, Physical --- Chromosome Disorders --- Sex Chromosome Disorders --- Genetic Diseases, Inborn --- Molecular Medicine --- Abnormalities, Autosome --- Abnormalities, Chromosomal --- Abnormalities, Chromosome --- Chromosomal Aberrations --- Chromosome Abnormalities --- Cytogenetic Abnormalities --- Autosome Abnormalities --- Cytogenetic Aberrations --- Aberration, Chromosomal --- Aberration, Chromosome --- Aberration, Cytogenetic --- Aberrations, Chromosomal --- Aberrations, Chromosome --- Aberrations, Cytogenetic --- Abnormalities, Cytogenetic --- Abnormality, Autosome --- Abnormality, Chromosomal --- Abnormality, Chromosome --- Abnormality, Cytogenetic --- Autosome Abnormality --- Chromosomal Aberration --- Chromosomal Abnormalities --- Chromosomal Abnormality --- Chromosome Aberration --- Chromosome Abnormality --- Cytogenetic Aberration --- Cytogenetic Abnormality --- Chromosomes --- Cytogenetics --- Genetics, Medical --- Cytogenetic Analysis --- Genetic Diseases --- Genetic Disorders --- Hereditary Disease --- Inborn Genetic Diseases --- Single-Gene Defects --- Hereditary Diseases --- Defect, Single-Gene --- Defects, Single-Gene --- Disease, Genetic --- Disease, Hereditary --- Disease, Inborn Genetic --- Diseases, Genetic --- Diseases, Hereditary --- Diseases, Inborn Genetic --- Disorder, Genetic --- Disorders, Genetic --- Genetic Disease --- Genetic Disease, Inborn --- Genetic Disorder --- Inborn Genetic Disease --- Single Gene Defects --- Single-Gene Defect --- abnormalities --- Periodicals --- Health Sciences --- Pathology --- Génétique médicale --- Périodiques --- EJBIOMO EJMEDEC ELSEVIER-E EPUB-ALPHA-E EPUB-PER-FT MDGENETI --- Clinical genetics --- Diseases --- Heredity of disease --- Genetic aspects --- Chromosome Aberrations --- Human genetics --- Medical sciences --- Genetic disorders --- Genetica --- Maladies génétiques. --- Aberrations chromosomiques. --- Génétique médicale. --- Génétique --- Maladies génétiques --- Aberrations chromosomiques