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This book provides an innovative and comprehensive overview of the relationship between lung and exercise, both in healthy, active subjects and in subjects with chronic respiratory diseases. It investigates in detail the central role of the lungs during exercise and illustrates the impact of respiratory impairment due to both acute and chronic lung diseases on performance. Further, the book presents the latest evidence-based findings, which confirm that exercise is an effective and safe form of prevention and rehabilitation in respiratory diseases. The first section describes the changes in the respiratory system during exercise and the contribution of respiration to exercise, while readers will learn how to perform a respiratory assessment in the second section. The third section addresses a broad range of chronic respiratory diseases and the (in)ability of those affected to play sports and perform exercise, thus providing a basis for individual assessments. The last two sections focus on respiratory training, rehabilitation and the relationship between respiration and the environment, e.g. in high-altitude and underwater sports. The book will appeal to a wide readership, including pulmonologists, sport medicine physicians, physiotherapists and trainers, as well as instructors and students in exercise science.

Cardiovascular fitness. --- CVR fitness --- Health --- Physical fitness --- Pneumology. --- Sports medicine. --- Human physiology. --- Pneumology/Respiratory System. --- Sports Medicine. --- Human Physiology. --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Physiology --- Human body --- Athletic medicine --- Athletics --- Medicine and sports --- Physical education and training --- Sports --- Medicine --- Sports sciences --- Medical aspects --- Respiratory organs—Diseases.

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The concept of mechanism in biology has three distinct meanings. It may refer to a philosophical thesis about the nature of life and biology, to the internal workings of a machine-like structure, or to the causal explanation of a particular phenomenon. In this Special Issue, we try to discuss these possible biological mechanisms that underlie the beneficial effects of physical fitness and sports performance, as well their importance and role/influences on physical health.Despite the significant body of knowledge regarding the physiological and physical effects of different training methods (based on dimensions of load), some of the biological causes for those changes are still unknown. Additionally, few studies have focused on the natural biological variability in humans and how specific properties of humans may justify different effects for the same training intervention. Thus, more original research is needed to provide plausible biological mechanisms that may explain the physiological and physical effects of exercise and training in humans.In this Special Issue, we gather the contributions that describe and list the links between physical fitness, sports performance, and human biology.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- body composition --- BIVA --- fat mass --- weight loss --- HRQoL --- knowledge --- physical activity --- rheumatic diseases --- women --- 25(OH)D --- physiology of performances --- puberty --- pre-planned agility --- non-planned agility --- Paralympic Powerlifting --- ibuprofen --- muscle strength --- oxidative stress --- recovery of function --- satellite cells --- muscle regeneration --- myogenic regulatory factors --- inflammation --- exercise --- age --- athletic performance --- rowing --- sport --- young athlete --- mathematical model --- executive functions --- cognitive performance --- youth --- physical education --- BIA --- coronavirus disease --- detraining --- football --- muscle mass --- team sports --- soccer --- high-intensity --- small-sided games --- psychophysiological responses --- combined training --- cycling --- endurance --- oxygen uptake --- FTP --- threshold --- power --- strength --- muscular activity --- electromyography --- core endurance test --- muscular performance --- erythropoietin --- erythroferrone --- mental health --- sports --- spinal cord injury --- resistance training --- muscle damage --- acid–base balance --- kickboxing --- metabolic acidosis --- type 2 diabetes --- physical exercise --- high-intensity interval training --- cardiac autonomic modulation --- heart rate recovery --- heart rate variability --- aerobic training --- health --- triathlon --- performance --- ergogenic aids --- muscle fatigue --- recovery --- hormones --- antioxidant --- body fat --- IgA --- immunomodulation --- nutritional supplement --- obesity --- vibrating exercise equipment --- chronic low back pain --- surface electromyography --- biological mechanisms --- physical health --- sports and exercise physiology --- glucagon-like peptide-1 --- glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide --- dry land training --- one repetition maximum --- back squat --- water parachute --- aquatic training --- swimming performance --- hypoxic dose --- muscular endurance --- sex difference --- flanker --- adolescent --- Tabata training --- blood pressure --- cardiorespiratory fitness --- physical education lessons --- log-linear analysis --- multivariate correspondence analysis --- load --- heart rate --- high-speed running --- monotony --- muscle soreness --- sprint --- sleep --- strain --- stress --- tumour --- depression --- cancer survivorship --- cardiovascular fitness --- aerobic capacity --- skin surface temperature --- high-intensity exercise --- thermal imaging --- acute exercise --- hormonal response --- saliva --- strength training --- lean body mass --- kinanthropometry --- n/a --- acid-base balance