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This book focuses on the geometry creation techniques for use in finite element analysis. Examples are provided as a sequence of fin designs with progressively increasing complexity. A fin was selected as it is a feature widely employed for thermal management. As the content progresses, the reader learns to create or import a geometry into a FEM tool using COMSOL Multiphysics^® . The fundamentals may also be applied to other commercial packages such as ANSYS^® or Abaqus ^TM . The content can be utilised in a variety of engineering disciplines including mechanical, aerospace, biomedical, chemical, civil, and electrical. The book provides an overview of the tools available to create and interact with the geometry. It also takes a broader look on the world of geometry, showing how geometry is a fundamental part of nature and how it is interconnected with the world around us. Features: Includes example models that enable the reader to implement conceptual material in practical scenarios with broad industrial applications Provides geometry modeling examples created with built in features of COMSOL Multiphysics^® v. 5.4 or imported from other dedicated CAD tools Presents meshing examples and provides practical advice on mesh generation Includes companion files with models and custom applications created with COMSOL Multiphysics^® Application Builder.

Geometry. --- Physics --- Data processing. --- COMSOL Multiphysics.

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COMSOL 5 and MATLAB are valuable software modeling tools for engineers and scientists. This updated edition includes five new models and explores a wide range of models in coordinate systems from 0D to 3D, introducing the numerical analysis techniques employed in COMSOL 5.6 and MATLAB software. The text presents electromagnetic, electronic, optical, thermal physics, and biomedical models as examples. It presents the fundamental concepts in the models and the step-by-step instructions needed to build each model. The companion files include all the built models for each step-by-step example presented in the text and the related animations, as specified. The book is designed to introduce modeling to an experienced engineer or can also be used for upper level undergraduate or graduate courses. FEATURES:Focuses on COMSOL 5.x and MATLAB models that demonstrate the use of concepts for later application in engineering, science, medicine, and biophysics for the development of devices and systemsIncludes companion files with executable copies of each model and related animationsIncludes detailed discussions of possible modeling errors and resultsUses a step-by-step modeling methodology linked to the Fundamental Laws of Physics.The companion files are also available online by emailing the publisher with proof of purchase at info@merclearning.com.

Engineering --- Physics --- Computer simulation. --- Data processing. --- Mathematical models. --- Computer Science. --- Engineering. --- Physics. --- computational science. --- modeling. --- simulation. --- COMSOL Multiphysics.

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Engineering --- Physics --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Applied Mathematics --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Data processing --- Mathematical models --- Computer simulation --- COMSOL Multiphysics. --- Computer simulation. --- Mathematical models.

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The main goal of this Special Issue was to contribute to, highlight and discuss topics related to various aspects of two-phase gas–liquid flows, which can be used both in fundamental sciences and practical applications, and we believe that this main goal was successfully achieved. This Special Issue received studies from Russia, China, Thailand, ROC-Taiwan, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan. We were very grateful to see that all the papers presented findings characterized as unconventional, innovative, and methodologically new. We hope that the readers of the journal Water can enjoy and learn about the experimental and numerical study of two-phase flows from the published material, and share these results with the scientific community, policymakers and stakeholders. Last but not least, we would like to thank Ms. Aroa Wang, Assistant Editor at MDPI, for her dedication and willingness to publish this Special Issue. She is a major supporter of the Special Issues, and we are indebted to her.

self-aeration --- chute flow --- air concentration --- velocity --- experimental study --- water vapor --- coherent phase --- exclusion zone --- redox potential --- pH --- infrared --- microdroplets --- wall shear stress --- oscillating two-phase fluctuation flow --- heat transfer --- magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) --- dust particles --- capillary waves --- surface wave --- subharmonic --- resonance --- COMSOL --- ultrasonic atomizer --- oil–water–gas flow --- flow pattern --- water holdup --- dimensionless analysis --- hydrodynamics --- high reduced pressure --- flow boiling --- turbulent bubbly flow --- backward-facing step --- PIV/PLIF measurements --- RANS modeling --- flow structure --- gas-droplet turbulent flow --- droplet vaporization and dispersion --- Eulerian modeling --- spray cooling --- transparent heater --- high-speed video recording --- infrared thermography --- n/a --- oil-water-gas flow

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Nowadays, we are witnessing highly dynamic research activities related to the intriguing field of biodegradable materials with plastic-like properties. These activities are stimulated by the strengthened public awareness of prevailing ecological issues connected to growing piles of plastic waste and increasing greenhouse gas emissions; this goes hand-in-hand with the ongoing depletion of fossil feedstocks, which are traditionally used to produce full carbon backbone polymers. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biopolyesters, a family of plastic-like materials with versatile material properties, are increasing considered to be a future-oriented solution for diminishing these concerns. PHA production is based on renewable resources and occurs in a bio-mediated fashion through the action of living organisms. If accomplished in an optimized way, PHA production and the entire PHA lifecycle are embedded into nature´s closed cycles of carbon. Sustainable and efficient PHA production requires understanding and improvement of all the individual process steps. Holistic improvement of PHA production, applicable on an industrially relevant scale, calls for, inter alia, consolidated knowledge about the enzymatic and genetic particularities of PHA-accumulating organisms, an in-depth understanding of the kinetics of the bioprocess, the selection of appropriate inexpensive fermentation feedstocks, tailoring of PHA composition at the level of its monomeric constituents, optimized biotechnological engineering, and novel strategies for PHA recovery from biomass characterized by low energy and chemical requirements. This Special Issue represents a comprehensive compilation of articles in which these individual aspects have been addressed by globally recognized experts.

Cupriavidus necator --- alginate --- tissue engineering --- PAT --- simulation --- terpolyester --- high cell density cultivation --- process simulation --- selective laser sintering --- gaseous substrates --- microaerophilic --- in-line monitoring --- Pseudomonas sp. --- additive manufacturing --- fed-batch --- terpolymer --- on-line --- bubble column bioreactor --- biopolymer --- fused deposition modeling --- biomaterials --- polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) --- Pseudomonas putida --- fed-batch fermentation --- blends --- upstream processing --- wound healing --- activated charcoal --- downstream processing --- Archaea --- polyhydroxyalkanoates processing --- film --- bioreactor --- medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate (mcl-PHA) --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) --- Ralstonia eutropha --- hydrolysate detoxification --- extremophiles --- Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) --- process analytical technologies --- PHA composition --- COMSOL --- non-Newtonian fluid --- tequila bagasse --- biopolyester --- biosurfactants --- Haloferax --- PHA --- phenolic compounds --- polyhydroxybutyrate --- PHB --- in-line --- Pseudomonas --- haloarchaea --- plant oil --- PHA processing --- bioeconomy --- delivery system --- P(3HB-co-3HV-co-4HB) --- productivity --- electrospinning --- cyanobacteria --- waste streams --- polyhydroxyalkanoates --- oxygen transfer --- polyhydroxyalkanoate --- biomedical application --- photon density wave spectroscopy --- carbon dioxide --- salinity --- PDW --- rheology --- halophiles --- feedstocks --- high-cell-density fed-batch --- biomedicine --- process engineering --- bioprocess design --- viscosity --- computer-aided wet-spinning --- microorganism --- Cupriavidus malaysiensis --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHVB)