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This book provides readers with some examples of advanced applications of electron microscopy on organic and inorganic specimens, highlighting out how new original approaches could provide a deeper understanding of the properties of matter and how a transmission electron microscope is not only a microscope but also a flexible tool for tailoring experiments, properly suited, to the issue of interest.

scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) --- electron tomography (ET) --- sparse imaging --- inpainting reconstruction --- biological samples --- Trypanosoma brucei --- TEM --- in-line holography --- single particle imaging --- atomic resolution imaging --- radiation damage --- soft matter --- nanostructured drugs --- organic materials --- holography --- electron holography --- diffraction --- coherent diffraction imaging --- iterative phase retrieval --- biomolecules --- propionic acid --- autophagy --- mitophagy --- correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) --- amorphous silica --- powder diffraction --- transmission electron microscopy --- high-resolution --- spectroscopy --- electron diffraction --- electron pair distribution function --- magnetic nanoparticles --- magnetic hyperthermia --- EMCD --- EELS --- magnetism --- acceleration voltage --- n/a

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Pharmaceuticals, due to their pseudo-persistence and biological activity as well as their extensive use in human and veterinary medicine, are a class of environmental contaminants that is of emerging concern. In contrast to some conventional pollutants, they are continuously delivered at low levels, which might give rise to toxicity even without high persistence rates. These chemicals are designed to have a specific physiological mode of action and to resist frequently inactivation before exerting their intended therapeutic effect. These features, among others, result in the bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals which are responsible for toxic effects in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. It is extremely important to know how to remove them from the environment and/or how to implement procedures or treatments resulting in their biological inactivation. Although great advances have been made in their detection in aquatic matrices, there remains limited analytical methodologies available for the trace analysis of target and non-target pharmaceuticals in matrices such as soils, sediments, or biota. There are still many gaps in the data on their fate and behavior in the environment as well as on their threats to ecological and human health. This book has included nine current research and three review articles in this field.

ifosfamide --- cyclophosphamide --- 5-fluorouracil --- cytostatic drug --- BDD anode --- electrochemical oxidation --- intermediates --- lincomycin --- monensin --- roxarsone --- migration --- residual --- toxicity --- pharmaceuticals --- endocrine disrupting compounds --- hydroponic cultivation --- determining target pollutants in plant materials --- municipal wastewater treatment plants --- ionic liquids --- green chemistry --- environmental and biological samples --- sample preparation --- determination of pharmaceuticals --- chromatographic methods --- electromigration techniques --- sulfamethoxazole --- antibiotic resistance genes --- sul genes --- bacterial community --- constructed wetlands --- environmental contaminants --- pharmaceuticals occurrence --- aquatic compartments --- soil --- poultry farms --- ultra-high performance liquid chromatography --- antibiotics, antibiotic resistance --- antibiotics --- wastewater --- sewage sludge --- risk assessment --- removal efficiency --- LC-MS/MS analysis --- Spirotox --- fluoxetine --- sertraline --- paroxetine --- mianserin --- pharmaceuticals in the environment --- wastewaters --- pharmaceutical residues --- conventional wastewater treatments --- solid phase extraction --- pharmaceuticals toxicity --- environmental risk assessment --- antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) --- antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) --- wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) --- activated sludge (AS) --- constructed wetlands (CWs) --- environmental pollution --- spread of resistance --- tetracyclines --- sulfonamides --- fate in the environment --- fate in WWTPs --- ecotoxicity --- antibiotic resistance --- development of methods

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This book will provide the most recent knowledge and advances in Sample Preparation Techniques for Separation Science. Everyone working in a laboratory must be familiar with the basis of these technologies, and they often involve elaborate and time-consuming procedures that can take up to 80% of the total analysis time. Sample preparation is an essential step in most of the analytical methods for environmental and biomedical analysis, since the target analytes are often not detected in their in-situ forms, or the results are distorted by interfering species. In the past decade, modern sample preparation techniques have aimed to comply with green analytical chemistry principles, leading to simplification, miniaturization, easy manipulation of the analytical devices, low costs, strong reduction or absence of toxic organic solvents, as well as low sample volume requirements.Modern Sample Preparation Approaches for Separation Science also provides an invaluable reference tool for analytical chemists in the chemical, biological, pharmaceutical, environmental, and forensic sciences.

caffeine and acetaminophen tracers --- solvent delivery with a moving pipette --- determination --- China herbal tea --- enrichment --- review --- on-line --- pectin --- nanocomposite --- Cassiae Semen --- environmental analysis --- pathogenic --- preconcentration --- nail --- liver --- extraction --- sample preparation --- hydrogel --- solid-phase extraction --- geological samples --- ionic liquids --- rice grains --- subzero-temperature assisted liquid–liquid extraction --- sugaring-out assisted liquid–liquid extraction --- poly (OMA-co-TRIM) monolithic column --- hormones --- vortex-synchronized matrix solid-phase dispersion --- trace analysis --- gas chromatography --- LC–MS/MS --- membrane-based microextraction --- gold --- antipsychotics --- in-line filter --- HPLC --- space instrumentation --- liquid chromatography --- biological samples --- vitamins --- polyvinyl alcohol --- in-tube SPME --- high-frequency heating --- UPLC-MS/MS --- oxylipins --- nucleic acid isolation --- non-anthocyanin polyphenol --- large volume --- barbiturates --- solvent front position extraction --- oligopeptides --- urine --- SPE --- whole blood --- anthraquinones --- flow rate --- chlorophenoxy acid herbicides --- amlodipine --- schizophrenic’ patients --- salting-out assisted liquid–liquid extraction --- automation --- sorbent --- whole water --- blueberry --- hydrophobic-solvent assisted liquid–liquid extraction --- crab shells --- miniaturization --- curie temperature --- sand --- UHPLC-MS/MS --- multi-spheres adsorptive micro-extraction (MSA?E) --- floating sampling technology --- protein precipitation --- pesticides residue --- sample preparation with TLC/HPTLC --- phenolic compounds --- response surface methodology --- vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction --- trapping system --- caffeine --- aflatoxins --- liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry --- pesticides --- organic-based monoliths --- matrix solid phase dispersion --- simultaneous determination --- pharmaceuticals --- sorbent-based techniques --- desirability function approach --- plasma samples --- environmental water matrices --- hydrophobic in-tube solid-phase microextraction --- liquid–liquid extraction