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A full awareness of the role played by a healthy diet, as part of a healthy lifestyle, in countering or slowing-down chronic and degenerative diseases has strongly increased the interest in food bioactives and the return of ancient foods that are nowadays considered functional. In fact, these dietary substances, to which nutraceutical attributes are increasingly entrusted, could display disease-preventing effects on animals and humans. In this context, polyphenols, which are widespread and mostly copious in dietary plant sources, have gained a lot of attention thanks to their potential ability to halt or reverse oxidative stress-related diseases. Indeed, food could contain, beyond health-promoting compounds, toxicants which are naturally occurring or process-induced dietary compounds with adverse effects on human health. The presence and abundance of bioactives are strictly related to their food source. Edible plant components largely contain beneficial secondary metabolites, but understanding them fully is still an important challenge as complex biotic and abiotic interactions are involved in their biosynthesis. Analytical methods, which are increasingly powerful, could enhance our knowledge of food bioactives, whereas the deep investigation of their bioactivity and bioavailability could make them particularly useful.

Urtica dioica --- natural products bioactivity --- food bioactives --- nutraceuticals --- cancer therapy --- breast cancer --- Aloe vera --- Aloe vera polysaccharides --- in vitro fermentation --- SCFAs --- antioxidant capacity --- food waste recovery --- grape leaves --- UHPLC-HR-MS/MS analysis --- flavonol glycuronides recovery --- linoleic acid peroxidation products --- hexane --- gastric cells --- metabolomics --- cDNA microarray --- avocado --- LC/MS --- fat-soluble vitamins --- carotenoids --- Cannabis sativa L. --- phenylamides --- lignanamides --- hemp seeds --- high resolution tandem mass spectrometry --- U-87 glioblastoma cells --- cytotoxicity --- Pistacia vera --- antioxidant --- quality --- tocopherol --- FTIR --- discriminant analysis --- pistacia (Pistacia vera) hulls --- anticancer --- bacterial resistance --- efflux pumps --- terpenoids --- thymol --- carvacrol --- Rosmarinus officinalis L. --- fresh young shoots tincture --- polyphenols --- terpenes --- hepatoprotective --- n/a

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Development of strategies to assist the movement of poorly permeable molecules across biological barriers has long been the goal of drug delivery science. In the last three decades, there has been an exponential increase in advanced drug delivery systems that aim to address this issue. However, most proprietary delivery technologies that have progressed to clinical development are based on permeation enhancers (PEs) that have a history of safe use in man. This Special Issue entitled “Transmucosal Absorption Enhancers in the Drug Delivery Field” aims to present the current state-of-the-art in the application of PEs to improve drug absorption. Emphasis is placed on identification of novel permeation enhancers, mechanisms of barrier alteration, physicochemical properties of PEs that contribute to optimal enhancement action, new delivery models to assess PEs, studies assessing safety of PEs, approaches to assist translation of PEs into effective oral, nasal, ocular and vaginal dosage forms and combining PEs with other delivery strategies.

chitosan --- intestinal epithelial cells --- ocular delivery --- amphiphilic polymers --- cornea --- tight junction modulator --- cyclodextrin --- permeability --- gemini surfactant --- transferrin --- compound 48/80 --- epithelial permeability --- cervicovaginal tumors --- nanoparticles --- confocal laser scanning microscopy --- safety --- formulation --- salcaprozate sodium --- intestinal absorption --- FITC-dextran --- curcumin --- block copolymers --- nasal vaccination --- whole leaf --- brush border --- ocular drug delivery --- vaccine adjuvant --- nanoparticle --- nasal delivery --- efflux --- permeation enhancers --- absorption enhancers --- nose to brain delivery --- small intestine --- epithelium --- CNS disorders --- absorption modifying excipients --- insulin --- absorption enhancer --- gel --- intestinal delivery --- thermogel system --- Caco-2 --- biocompatibility studies --- absorption enhancement --- man --- PN159 --- poorly absorbed drug --- tryptophan --- tight junction --- oral macromolecule delivery --- penetration enhancer --- intestinal permeation enhancers --- nanocrystals --- simvastatin --- nanomedicine --- enterocyte --- N-dodecyl-?-D-maltoside (DDM) --- cell-penetrating peptide --- quaternization --- KLAL --- nasal --- nasal permeability --- transmucosal drug delivery --- Caco-2 cells --- mast cell activator --- penetration enhancers --- drug delivery --- nose-to-brain --- bioenhancer --- polymeric micelles --- mucoadhesion --- cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) --- simulated intestinal fluid --- vaginal delivery --- nasal formulation --- pharmacokinetic interaction --- sodium caprate --- clinical trial --- transmucosal permeation --- drug absorption enhancer --- sugar-based surfactants --- nanocapsules --- imatinib --- teriparatide --- osteoporosis --- hydrophobization --- F-actin --- combined microsphere --- transepithelial electrical resistance --- oral delivery --- ocular conditions --- metabolism --- antimicrobial peptide --- permeation enhancer --- drug administration --- antiepileptic drug --- amino acid --- in vivo studies --- sodium cholate (NaC) --- epithelial transport --- preclinical --- nose to brain transport --- pharmacokinetics --- chitosan derivatives --- ophthalmology --- tight junctions --- sheep --- cationic functionalization --- GLP-1 --- pulmonary --- and liposome --- cytochrome P450 --- claudin --- P-glycoprotein --- in situ hydrogel --- mucoadhesiveness --- PTH 1-34 --- Aloe vera --- oral peptides

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Natural polymers are already used for a variety of biomedical applications, including drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering, biosensors, etc. However, they have also found other applications, for example, in the food industry, the pharmaceutical industry, as firefighting materials, water purification, etc. Different polysaccharide and protein-based systems have been developed. They each have their properties that render them useful for certain applications such as the water solubility of alginate, the thermo-sensitivity of chitosan, the abundance of cellulose and starch, or the cell adhesion and proliferation of gelatin and collagen. This Special Issue will explore the design, synthesis, processing, characterization, and applications of new functional natural-based polymers.

light conversion film --- cellulose acetate --- europium --- sensitization --- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy --- surface plasmon resonance --- thin film --- quantum dot --- 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol --- chitosan --- graphene oxide --- 3D printing --- carboxymethyl cellulose --- hydrogel --- lyophilization --- dissolution --- release model --- customization --- NO-donor --- topical release --- polymeric matrices --- microbial infections --- wound healing --- blood circulation --- semisynthetic polymers --- natural rubber --- rice husk ash --- alginate --- mechanical properties --- dielectric properties --- nanohydrogel --- food applications --- biopolymers --- polysaccharide --- neural network --- chicken feet --- sensorial quality --- food quality --- gelatine --- hyaluronic acid --- polyethylene oxide --- electrospinning --- nanofibers --- wound dressings --- pectin --- pectinase --- wheat bran --- banana peel --- Bacillus amyloliquefaciens --- prebiotics --- mucilage --- pectin polysaccharide --- Opuntia ficus-indica --- aloe vera --- acemannan --- Cactaceae --- Asphodelaceae --- porcine gastric mucin --- methacryloyl mucin --- double-cross-linked networks --- circular dichroism --- mechanical characterization --- date palm trunk mesh --- cellulose --- lignocellulosic waste --- alpha cellulose --- nanocellulose --- agro-byproduct --- Bacillus licheniformis --- bioconversion --- pomelo albedo --- sucrolytic --- lubricant --- tribology --- albumin deposition --- contact lens --- surface roughness --- bio-based polyurethanes --- prepolymers --- cellulose-derived polyol --- cellulose-citrate --- polyurethane composites --- poly(lactic acid) --- nanocomposites --- tannin --- lignin --- thermal degradation kinetics --- decomposition mechanism --- pyrolysis --- nanocomposite --- nanofertilizer --- slow release --- ammonia oxidase gene --- quantitative polymerase chain reaction --- microflora N cycle --- nutrient use efficiency --- soil N content --- aerogels --- cold plasma coating --- hydrophobization --- pore structure --- chitinous fishery wastes --- chitinase --- crab shells --- Paenibacillus --- N-acetyl-D-glucosamine --- phenol --- adhesive hydrogels --- nanomaterials --- surface modification --- latex --- lignocellulosic fibers --- conventional fillers --- CNC --- esterification reaction --- graft copolymerization --- hydrophobic modification --- flocculant --- crosslinking --- peptides --- glutaraldehyde --- specified risk materials --- laccase --- melanin --- decolorization --- natural mediators --- glycerol --- polymer electrolyte --- ionic conductivity --- biochemistry --- pH and rumen temperature --- protozoa --- zero valent iron --- nanoparticles --- ethylene glycol --- methylene blue --- polyhydroxyalkanoates --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate --- melt processing --- extrusion --- injection molding --- elongation at break --- crystallization --- DoE --- oil palm biomass waste --- anionic hydrogel --- swelling --- salt crosslinking agent --- CoNi nanocomposite --- cellulose paper --- antibacterial potential --- degradation --- annealing --- acetylation --- potato starch --- emulsion capacity --- FTIR --- Malva parviflora --- natural polymers --- physicochemical properties --- rheology --- birch wood --- pre-treatment --- process parameter --- lignocellulose --- 2-furaldehyde --- Komagataeibacter --- stretchable bacterial cellulose --- enhanced strain --- vitamin C --- collagen --- anisotropy --- electron irradiation --- tensile test --- activated carbon --- MnO2 --- Co NPs --- antibacterial activity --- hydrogels --- antimicrobial activities --- functionalized materials --- cellulose derivatives --- flexor tendon repair --- anti-inflammatory --- anti-adhesion --- antimicrobial --- polymer-based constructs --- biosorbent --- copper --- adsorption --- model studies --- aqueous medium --- biodegradable polymers --- chemical modification --- food packaging --- free radical polymerization --- superabsorbent --- water-retaining agent --- thermal properties --- Mimosa pudica mucilage --- extraction optimization --- Box-Behnken design --- response surface methodology --- pH-responsive on–off switching --- zero-order release --- antimicrobial activity --- bacterial cellulose --- cytotoxicity --- nisin --- stability