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How effective are public managers as they seek to influence how public organizations deliver policy results? How, and how much, is management related to the performance of public programs? What aspects of management can be distinguished? Can their separable contributions to performance be estimated? The fate of public policies in today's world lies in the hands of public organizations, which in turn are often intertwined with others in latticed patterns of governance. Collectively, these organizations are expected to generate performance in terms of policy outputs and outcomes. In this book, two award-winning researchers investigate the effectiveness of management in the public sector. Firstly, they develop a systematic theory on how effective public managers are in shaping policy results. The rest of the book then tests this theory against a wide range of evidence, including a data set of 1,000 public organizations.

Public administration --- Organization theory --- Administrative agencies --- Management --- Public administration. --- Administration, Public --- Delivery of government services --- Government services, Delivery of --- Public management --- Public sector management --- Political science --- Administrative law --- Decentralization in government --- Local government --- Public officers --- Management. --- Public management. --- Business, Economy and Management --- Business Management --- Administrative agencies - Management

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In nowadays aging society, many people require mobility assistance. Sometimes, assistive devices need a certain degree of autonomy when users' disabilities difficult manual control. However, clinicians report that excessive assistance may lead to loss of residual skills and frustration. Shared control focuses on deciding when users need help and providing it. Collaborative control aims at giving just the right amount of help in a transparent, seamless way. This book presents the collaborative control paradigm. User performance may be indicative of physical/cognitive condition, so it is used to decide how much help is needed. Besides, collaborative control integrates machine and user commands so that people contribute to self-motion at all times. Collaborative control was extensively tested for 3 years using a robotized wheelchair at a rehabilitation hospital in Rome with volunteer inpatients presenting different disabilities, ranging from mild to severe. We also present a taxonomy of common metrics for wheelchair navigation and tests are evaluated accordingly. Obtained results are coherent both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.

Administrative agencies -- Management. --- Self-help devices for people with disabilities --- Electric wheelchairs --- Robotics --- People with disabilities --- Equipment and Supplies --- Artificial Intelligence --- Signs and Symptoms --- Automation --- Electronics --- Technology --- Computing Methodologies --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Physics --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture --- Diseases --- Information Science --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Mobility Limitation --- Self-Help Devices --- Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- Social Sciences --- Computer Science --- Mechanical Engineering - General --- Disabilities --- Automatic control --- Orientation and mobility --- Wheelchairs. --- Disability studies. --- Sociology of disability --- Wheel chairs --- Study and teaching --- Engineering. --- Health informatics. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computational intelligence. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Computational Intelligence. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Health Informatics. --- Biomedical Engineering. --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Medicine --- Intelligence, Computational --- Artificial intelligence --- Soft computing --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Clinical informatics --- Health informatics --- Medical information science --- Information science --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Data processing --- Education --- Chairs for people with disabilities --- Orthopedic apparatus --- Curricula --- Medical records --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Data processing. --- EHR systems --- EHR technology --- EHRs (Electronic health records) --- Electronic health records --- Electronic medical records --- EMR systems --- EMRs (Electronic medical records) --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Medical care