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Adenosine --- Nervous system --- Receptors. --- Degeneration --- Molecular aspects.

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This book traces the history of adenosine receptor research from molecular biology to medicinal chemistry to behavior, including their implications in disease and potential strategies as therapeutic targets. It provides the reader with a comprehensive overview of the adenosine receptors that includes information on all subtypes - A1, A2A, A2B and A3. Aspects addressed include the most up to date information on their functional distribution in the nervous and peripheral systems, behavioral roles in inflammation, cancer, pain and neurological diseases such as Huntington’s disease, Epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease.

Adenosine --- Receptors. --- Adenocard --- Adenoscan --- Purine nucleosides --- Ribonucleosides --- Neurochemistry. --- Biochemistry --- Neurosciences

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Adenosine --- G protein-coupled purinergic receptors --- ATP --- purinergic signalling --- Adenosine transport --- Caffeine --- Purinergic pathophysiology --- Ligand-gated purinergic ion channels

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Adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP) is one of the most abundant molecule in living cells serving as universal energy “currency.” After slow acceptance of the concept of the release and extracellular action of ATP, purinergic signaling is recognized as a widespread mechanism for cell-to-cell communication in living organisms. Additionally, the contribution of pyrimidine nucleotides (such as UTP and UDP) and sugar-nucleotides (i.e., UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose) have been more recently discovered. Purinergic signaling plays major physiological roles in mammalian central nervous system (CNS) such as neurotransmission, neuromodulation, communication in glial network and between neurons and glia. Extracellular ATP and its metabolic breakdown is a source of other nucleotides and adenosine providing the versatile basis for complex purinergic signaling through the activation of several families of purinergic receptors. G-protein coupled P1 receptors for adenosine, ionotropic P2X receptors for ATP and G-protein coupled P2Y receptors for ATP and other nucleotides are abundant and widely distributed in central neurons at pre-and post-synapse and in glial cells. Alterations of purinergic signals are associated with major CNS disorders including chronic pain, brain trauma ischemia, epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease or Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with neuro-inflammation as well as neuropsychiatric diseases, including depression, anxiety and schizophrenia.

purine --- P2X --- P2Y --- adenosine (A(1) --- A(2A) --- A(2B)) receptors --- purinergic signaling --- CNS --- CNS—disorder

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Homeostasis of key metabolites and metabolic health affects all bodily systems.  Not surprisingly, altered metabolic function is associated with a wide spectrum of dysfunctions in the central nervous system – including developmental disorders, acute nervous system injury, and neurodegenerative disorders.  Accordingly, metabolism-based therapies offer significant promise as new category of treatment options designed to limit, delay or reverse the disease process by reconstructing homeostatic functions.  Increasingly it is appreciated that restoring metabolic health could promote normal nervous system activity, and improve behavior and cognition.  Adenosine:  A Key Link Between Metabolism and Central Nervous System Activity focusses on diverse aspects of adenosine, an evolutionarily conserved homeostatic bioenergetic regulator in the central nervous system.  Because of its interrelationship with ATP (adenosine triphosphate), adenosine is integral to cell metabolism.  At the same time, adenosine influences neuronal activity directly via receptors, and is involved in biochemical processes related to gene expression.  Thus, adenosine is uniquely placed as a reciprocal and rapid link between changes in metabolism and changes in neuronal activity, and, on a longer time scale, to changes in gene expression and long term changes in cell function.  Leaders in the field feature basic research on adenosine at the cellular level in the central nervous system, and relate these findings to its recognized potential in diverse acute and chronic disorders.  This comprehensive overview of adenosine also highlights emerging adenosine-based treatments and associated opportunities for central nervous system disorders.

Adenosine. --- Biochemistry. --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Adenocard --- Adenoscan --- Composition --- Medicine. --- Neurosciences. --- Neurobiology. --- Biomedicine. --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Purine nucleosides --- Ribonucleosides