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Superconducting quantum interference devices. --- Web servers. --- Squid (Software).
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This thesis describes the challenging task of developing high critical temperature superconducting quantum interference devices (high-Tc SQUIDs) and using them as sensors for biomedical applications, including magnetic immunoassays, magnetoencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The first part of this work discusses the development of fast magnetic immunoassays, which can be used to improve the sensitivity, or to create new, unique point-of-care diagnostics systems. The second part shows that high-Tc SQUIDs might make magnetoencephalography more available, thus opening the field of high-Tc SQUID-based magnetoencephalography for recording brain functions. This technique can be combined with ultra-low field MRI which is discussed in the last part. This combination may provide a new unique tool for studies of brain functions. This work does not simply improve on existing technology but opens possibilities for novel advanced medical devices and techniques.
Biomedical engineering. --- Engineering. --- Microengineering. --- Nanotechnology. --- Biomedical engineering --- Superconducting quantum interference devices --- Brain --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Biomedical Engineering --- Technology - General --- Magnetic fields --- Measurement --- Superconducting quantum interference devices. --- High temperature superconductivity. --- High critical temperature superconductivity --- High Tc superconductivity --- Quantum interference devices, Superconducting --- SQUID devices --- Nanotechnology and Microengineering. --- Biomedical Engineering. --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Medicine --- Superconductivity --- Superconductors --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology
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Common methods of local magnetic imaging display either a high spatial resolution and relatively poor field sensitivity (MFM, Lorentz microscopy), or a relatively high field sensitivity but limited spatial resolution (scanning SQUID microscopy). Since the magnetic field of a nanoparticle or nanostructure decays rapidly with distance from the structure, the achievable spatial resolution is ultimately limited by the probe-sample separation. This thesis presents a novel method for fabricating the smallest superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) that resides on the apex of a very sharp tip. The nanoSQUID-on-tip displays a characteristic size down to 100 nm and a field sensitivity of 10^-3 Gauss/Hz^(1/2). A scanning SQUID microscope was constructed by gluing the nanoSQUID-on-tip to a quartz tuning-fork. This enabled the nanoSQUID to be scanned within nanometers of the sample surface, providing simultaneous images of sample topography and the magnetic field distribution. This microscope represents a significant improvement over the existing scanning SQUID techniques and is expected to be able to image the spin of a single electron.
Magnetic fields -- Measurement. --- Superconducting quantum interference devices. --- Vortex-motion. --- Physics --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Electricity & Magnetism --- Microscopy --- Light & Optics --- Superconductors. --- Superconducting materials --- Superconductive devices --- Quantum interference devices, Superconducting --- SQUID devices --- Physics. --- Superconductivity. --- Magnetism. --- Magnetic materials. --- Spectroscopy. --- Microscopy. --- Nanotechnology. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Magnetism, Magnetic Materials. --- Strongly Correlated Systems, Superconductivity. --- Cryoelectronics --- Electronics --- Solid state electronics --- Materials --- Superconductors --- Mathematical physics --- Electricity --- Magnetics --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Optics --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectrometry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Electric conductivity --- Critical currents --- Superfluidity --- Qualitative --- Analytical chemistry
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