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This book describes several mathematical models of the primary visual cortex, referring them to a vast ensemble of experimental data and putting forward an original geometrical model for its functional architecture, that is, the highly specific organization of its neural connections. The book spells out the geometrical algorithms implemented by this functional architecture, or put another way, the “neurogeometry” immanent in visual perception. Focusing on the neural origins of our spatial representations, it demonstrates three things: firstly, the way the visual neurons filter the optical signal is closely related to a wavelet analysis; secondly, the contact structure of the 1-jets of the curves in the plane (the retinal plane here) is implemented by the cortical functional architecture; and lastly, the visual algorithms for integrating contours from what may be rather incomplete sensory data can be modelled by the sub-Riemannian geometry associated with this contact structure. As such, it provides readers with the first systematic interpretation of a number of important neurophysiological observations in a well-defined mathematical framework. The book’s neuromathematical exploration appeals to graduate students and researchers in integrative-functional-cognitive neuroscience with a good mathematical background, as well as those in applied mathematics with an interest in neurophysiology.
Mathematics. --- Neural networks (Computer science). --- Geometry. --- Biomathematics. --- Mathematical and Computational Biology. --- Mathematical Models of Cognitive Processes and Neural Networks. --- Geometry --- Mathematics --- Euclid's Elements --- Neural networks (Computer science) . --- Artificial neural networks --- Nets, Neural (Computer science) --- Networks, Neural (Computer science) --- Neural nets (Computer science) --- Artificial intelligence --- Natural computation --- Soft computing --- Biology
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In recent years, many philosophers of modern physics came to the conclusion that the problem of how objectivity is constituted (rather than merely given) can no longer be avoided, and therefore that a transcendental approach in the spirit of Kant is now philosophically relevant. The usual excuse for skipping this task is that the historical form given by Kant to transcendental epistemology has been challenged by Relativity and Quantum Physics. However, the true challenge is not to force modern physics into a rigidly construed static version of Kant's philosophy, but to provide Kant's method with flexibility and generality. In this book, the top specialists of the field pin down the methodological core of transcendental epistemology that must be used in order to throw light on the foundations of modern physics. First, the basic tools Kant used for his transcendental reading of Newtonian Mechanics are examined, and then early transcendental approaches of Relativistic and Quantum Physics are revisited. Transcendental procedures are also applied to contemporary physics, and this renewed transcendental interpretation is finally compared with structural realism and constructive empiricism. The book will be of interest to scientists, historians and philosophers who are involved in the foundational problems of modern physics. .
kennisleer --- Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general) --- Theory of knowledge --- History of physics --- filosofie --- epistomologie --- geschiedenis --- Philosophy of science --- fysica --- wetenschapsgeschiedenis --- epistemologists --- Philosophy --- Philosophy. --- Philosophy of Science. --- Epistemology. --- History of Physics. --- History of Science. --- Modern Philosophy. --- Philosophy (General). --- Science --- Genetic epistemology. --- Philosophy, modern. --- Physics --- Sciences --- Epistémologie génétique --- Physique --- History. --- Histoire --- Philosophie --- Objectivity. --- Transcendentalism. --- Modern philosophy. --- Philosophy and science. --- Physics. --- History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics. --- Transcendental functions. --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Functions, Transcendental --- Functions, Special --- Modern philosophy --- Developmental psychology --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Normal science --- Epistemology --- Psychology --- Science and philosophy --- Transcendantalisme --- Objectivité --- Objectivité
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Cet ouvrage a pour ambition de jeter un nouvel éclairage sur les rapports entre la phénoménologie issue de l’œuvre fondatrice de E. Husserl (1859-1938) et les approches scientifiques contemporaines de la cognition, envisagées dans toute leur diversité disciplinaire, la multiplicité de leurs niveaux d’explication et la variété de leurs conflits d’hypothèses. Le souci premier des recherches qu’il rassemble n’est donc pas de s’engager dans une nouvelle exégèse de la phénoménologie husserlienne, quoique le rôle de ce travail interprétatif et critique ne soit aucunement sous-estimé, mais bien plutôt de déterminer dans quelle mesure celle-ci peut contribuer à la quête actuelle d’une explication naturaliste des phénomènes cognitifs, en lui apportant des compléments sur certains points ou en la soumettant à la critique sur d’autres. Mais au-delà, leur ambition est aussi de mesurer la pertinence de la recherche cognitive contemporaine pour la phénoménologie husserlienne elle-même, en évaluant en quoi elle est susceptible d’imprimer à cette dernière un nouveau tournant. Parce qu'aucun ouvrage ne saurait prétendre embrasser les multiples facettes de cette double interrogation, les contributions ici rassemblées l’abordent principalement sous l’angle de la question de la naturalisation. Cette problématique permet d’embrasser une grande variété de problèmes, allant des structures générales de l’intentionnalité au problème des principes épistémologiques et ontologiques sur lesquels doit reposer une théorie scientifique de la cognition, en passant par l’analyse de la temporalité ou de la perception, ainsi que la modélisation mathématique de leur description phénoménologique. Naturaliser la phénoménologie constitue par là une réflexion collective sur la façon dont la phénoménologie husserlienne peut contribuer à l’effort actuel pour surmonter le problème du déficit d’explication de l’expérience phénoménale par l’activité cérébrale, et en retour, sur celle dont un tel effort…
Phenomenology. --- Philosophy and cognitive science --- Phénoménologie --- Philosophie et sciences cognitives --- Husserl, Edmund, --- Cognitive science. --- Phénoménologie --- Science --- Philosophy of mind --- Philosophy, Modern --- Philosophy - Phenomenology. --- Philosophie des sciences --- Sciences cognitives
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Belief and doubt. --- Conviction --- Doubt --- Consciousness --- Credulity --- Emotions --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Religion --- Will --- Agnosticism --- Rationalism --- Skepticism
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