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Quality of Telephone-Based Spoken Dialogue Systems is a systematic overview of assessment, evaluation, and prediction methods for the quality of services such as travel and touristic information, phone-directory and messaging, or telephone-banking services. A new taxonomy of quality-of-service is presented which serves as a tool for classifying assessment and evaluation methods, for planning and interpreting evaluation experiments, and for estimating quality. A broad overview of parameters and evaluation methods is given, both on a system-component level and for a fully integrated system. Three experimental investigations illustrate the relationships between system characteristics and perceived quality. The resulting information is needed in all phases of system specification, design, implementation, and operation. Although Quality of Telephone-Based Spoken Dialogue Systems is written from the perspective of an engineer in telecommunications, it is an invaluable source of information for professionals in signal processing, communication acoustics, computational linguistics, speech and language sciences, human factor design and ergonomics.

Automatic speech recognition. --- Telephone systems --- Quality control. --- Telephony --- Telecommunication systems --- Mechanical speech recognizer --- Speech recognition, Automatic --- Pattern recognition systems --- Perceptrons --- Speech, Intelligibility of --- Speech perception --- Speech processing systems --- Computer engineering. --- Telecommunication. --- Computer science. --- Electrical Engineering. --- Signal, Image and Speech Processing. --- Communications Engineering, Networks. --- User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction. --- Electric communication --- Mass communication --- Telecom --- Telecommunication industry --- Telecommunications --- Communication --- Information theory --- Telecommuting --- Computers --- Informatics --- Science --- Design and construction --- Electrical engineering. --- Signal processing. --- Image processing. --- Speech processing systems. --- User interfaces (Computer systems). --- Interfaces, User (Computer systems) --- Human-machine systems --- Human-computer interaction --- Computational linguistics --- Electronic systems --- Modulation theory --- Oral communication --- Speech --- Telecommunication --- Singing voice synthesizers --- Pictorial data processing --- Picture processing --- Processing, Image --- Imaging systems --- Optical data processing --- Processing, Signal --- Information measurement --- Signal theory (Telecommunication) --- Electric engineering --- Engineering

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Considering that the motion of strings with finitely many masses on them is described by difference equations, this book presents the spectral theory of such problems on finite graphs of strings. The direct problem of finding the eigenvalues as well as the inverse problem of finding strings with a prescribed spectrum are considered. This monograph gives a comprehensive and self-contained account on the subject, thereby also generalizing known results. The interplay between the representation of rational functions and their zeros and poles is at the center of the methods used. The book also unravels connections between finite dimensional and infinite dimensional spectral problems on graphs, and between self-adjoint and non-self-adjoint finite-dimensional problems. This book is addressed to researchers in spectral theory of differential and difference equations as well as physicists and engineers who may apply the presented results and methods to their research. .

Operator theory. --- Algebras, Linear. --- Difference equations. --- Functional equations. --- Operator Theory. --- Linear Algebra. --- Difference and Functional Equations. --- Linear algebra --- Algebra, Universal --- Generalized spaces --- Mathematical analysis --- Calculus of operations --- Line geometry --- Topology --- Functional analysis --- Equations, Functional --- Calculus of differences --- Differences, Calculus of --- Equations, Difference

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Food consumption.

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Die Folgelasten des Ersten Weltkriegs hatte in den 1920er und 1930er Jahren keineswegs nur Deutschland zu tragen; auch die meisten anderen europäischen Demokratien sahen sich durch hohen finanz- und wirtschaftspolitischen Problemdruck und zunehmenden Legitimationsverlust des parlamentarischen Regierungssystems mehr oder weniger stark gefährdet. Doch während die Weimarer Republik unter der Last der Probleme zusammenbrach, überstand die Dritte Französische Republik trotz gravierender Schwächesymptome die gemeineuropäische Krise noch bis 1940 und ging erst durch die militärische Niederlage gegen

Democracy --- Germany --- France --- Politics and government

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This book deals with uncertainty forecasting based on a fuzzy time series approach, including fuzzy random processes and artificial neural networks. A consideration of data and measurement uncertainty enhances forecasting in a wide range of applications, particularly in the fields of engineering, environmental science and civil engineering. Uncertain data are described by means of a new incremental fuzzy representation which permits a complete and accurate estimation of uncertainty. The book is aimed at engineers as well as professionals working in related fields. Descriptive, modeling and forecasting methods pertaining to fuzzy time series are introduced and explained in detail. Emphasis is placed on forecasting with the aid of fuzzy random processes, such as fuzzy ARMA processes and fuzzy white-noise processes, as well as forecasting based on artificial neural networks. All numerical algorithms are comprehensively described and demonstrated by way of practical examples.

Engineering --- Uncertainty. --- Fuzzy mathematics. --- Mathematical models. --- Mathematics --- Reasoning --- Statistics. --- Mechanics, applied. --- Distribution (Probability theory. --- Statistics for Engineering, Physics, Computer Science, Chemistry and Earth Sciences. --- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. --- Monitoring/Environmental Analysis. --- Building Construction and Design. --- Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes. --- Distribution functions --- Frequency distribution --- Characteristic functions --- Probabilities --- Applied mechanics --- Engineering, Mechanical --- Engineering mathematics --- Statistical analysis --- Statistical data --- Statistical methods --- Statistical science --- Econometrics --- Statistics . --- Mechanics. --- Mechanics, Applied. --- Environmental monitoring. --- Buildings—Design and construction. --- Building. --- Construction. --- Engineering, Architectural. --- Probabilities. --- Biomonitoring (Ecology) --- Ecological monitoring --- Environmental quality --- Monitoring, Environmental --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Pollution --- Classical mechanics --- Newtonian mechanics --- Physics --- Dynamics --- Quantum theory --- Probability --- Statistical inference --- Combinations --- Chance --- Least squares --- Mathematical statistics --- Risk --- Architectural engineering --- Buildings --- Construction --- Construction science --- Engineering, Architectural --- Structural design --- Structural engineering --- Architecture --- Construction industry --- Measurement --- Monitoring --- Design and construction --- Architecture. --- Engineering. --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Architecture, Western (Western countries) --- Building design --- Western architecture (Western countries) --- Art --- Building --- Architecture, Primitive