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In this book, legal, biomedical, psychosocial, and social science scholars and practitioners offer the first comparative account of the increasing dependence on expertise in the asylum and refugee status determination process. This volume presents a comprehensive study of the relevance of experts, as mediators of culture, who are called upon to corroborate, substantiate credibility, and serve as translators in the face of confusing legal standards that require proof of new forms and reasons for persecution around the globe. The authors provide insights into the evidentiary burdens on asylum seekers and the expanding role of expertise in the forms of country-conditions reports, biomedical and psychiatric evaluations, and the emerging field of forensic linguistic analysis in response to emerging forms of persecution, such as gender-based or sexuality-based persecution.

Asylum, Right of. --- Political refugees --- Refugees --- Evidence, Expert --- Asylum, Right of --- Right of asylum --- Sanctuary (Law) --- Defection --- Deportation --- Extradition --- Expert evidence --- Expert testimony --- Expert witness --- Expert witnesses --- Opinion evidence --- Scientific evidence (Law) --- Evidence (Law) --- Witnesses --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Law and legislation

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Women and children have been bartered, pawned, bought, and sold within and beyond Africa for longer than records have existed. This important collection examines the ways trafficking in women and children has changed from the aftermath of the "end of slavery" in Africa from the late nineteenth century to the present. The formal abolition of the slave trade and slavery did not end the demand for servile women and children. Contemporary forms of human trafficking are deeply interwoven with their historical precursors, and scholars and activists need to be informed about the long his

Human trafficking --- Slave trade --- Slavery --- Women slaves --- Child slaves --- Traite des êtres humains --- Esclaves --- Esclavage --- Femmes esclaves --- Enfants esclaves --- History. --- Law and legislation. --- Commerce --- Histoire --- Droit --- Afrique --- Child slaves -- Africa. --- Human trafficking -- Africa. --- Slave trade -- Africa -- History. --- Slavery -- History. --- Slavery -- Law and legislation. --- Women slaves -- Africa. --- Gender & Ethnic Studies --- Social Sciences --- Gender Studies & Sexuality --- History --- Law and legislation --- Traite des êtres humains --- Slave children --- Slave women --- Slavery (International law) --- Forced prostitution (Human trafficking) --- People trafficking --- Sex trafficking --- Traffic in persons --- Trafficking in human beings --- Trafficking in persons --- White slave traffic --- White slavery --- Slaves --- Human rights --- Sex crimes --- Enslaved women --- Enslaved children --- Enslaved persons --- Women, Enslaved --- White slave traffic (Human trafficking) --- White slavery (Human trafficking) --- Offenses against the person

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As a young man in South Africa, Nelson Mandela aspired to be an interpreter or clerk, noting in his autobiography that "a career as a civil servant was a glittering prize for an African." Africans in the lower echelons of colonial bureaucracy often held positions of little official authority, but in practice the occupants of these positions functioned as hidden lynchpins of colonial rule. As the primary intermediaries among European colonial officials, African chiefs, and subject populations, these men (and a few women) could manipulate the intersections of power, authority, and knowledge at the center of colonial society. By uncovering the role of African civil servants in the construction, function, and legal apparatus of colonial states, the essays in this volume highlight a new perspective. They offer important insights on hegemony, collaboration and resistance, structures and changes in colonial rule, the role of language and education, the production of knowledge and expertise in colonial settings, and the impact of colonization in dividing African societies by gender, race, status, and class.

Translators --- Colonial administrators --- History. --- History. --- Europe --- Europe --- Europe --- Africa --- Africa --- Colonies --- History --- Colonies --- History --- Colonies --- Administration. --- History --- History