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Pension reform is a key policy challenge in Russia. This paper examines how pension spending could increase in Russia in the absence of reforms, quantifies the impact of some recent proposals, and suggests some alternatives that would ensure public pension benefits - relative to wages - not fall from current levels while containing spending.

Business & Economics --- Labor & Workers' Economics --- Pension trusts --- Pensions --- Government policy --- Compensation --- Pension plans --- Retirement pensions --- Superannuation --- Employee pension trusts --- Pension funds --- Retirement income --- Annuities --- Social security individual investment accounts --- Vested benefits --- Trusts and trustees --- E-books --- Labor --- Public Finance --- Demography --- Fiscal Policy --- Social Security and Public Pensions --- Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts --- Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits --- Private Pensions --- Economics of the Elderly --- Economics of the Handicapped --- Non-labor Market Discrimination --- Retirement --- Retirement Policies --- Health: General --- Population & demography --- Labour --- income economics --- Health economics --- Pension spending --- Aging --- Pension reform --- Expenditure --- Population and demographics --- Health --- Population aging --- Russian Federation --- Income economics

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Pension reform is high on the policy agenda of many advanced and emerging market economies. In advanced economies the challenge is generally to contain future increases in public pension spending as the population ages. In emerging market economies, the challenges are often different. Where pension coverage is extensive, the issues are similar to those in advanced economies. Where pension coverage is low, the key challenge will be to expand coverage in a fiscally sustainable manner. This volume examines the outlook for public pension spending over the coming decades and the options for reform in 52 advanced and emerging market economies.

Pensions --- Compensation --- Pension plans --- Retirement pensions --- Superannuation --- Retirement income --- Annuities --- Social security individual investment accounts --- Vested benefits --- E-books --- Developed countries --- Developing countries --- Economic conditions. --- Developed countries - Economic conditions --- Developing countries - Economic conditions --- Finance: General --- Labor --- Public Finance --- Demography --- Social Security and Public Pensions --- Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits --- Private Pensions --- Economics of the Elderly --- Economics of the Handicapped --- Non-labor Market Discrimination --- Retirement --- Retirement Policies --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Population & demography --- Labour --- income economics --- Finance --- Health economics --- Pension spending --- Aging --- Pension reform --- Population aging --- Financial services industry --- Health --- United States --- Income economics