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"Tells the story of migrants and communities in the Southeast Asian borderlands. The Black Flags raided their way from southern China into northern Vietnam, competing in the second half of the nineteenth century against other armed migrants and uplands communities for control of commerce (e.g., opium) and natural resources (e.g., copper for making coins). At the edges of empires--the Qing empire in China, the Vietnamese empire governed by the Nguyen dynasty, and, eventually, French colonial Vietnam--the Black Flags and their rivals sustained networks of power and dominance through the framework of political regimes. The history of these imperial bandits and the communities that resisted them demonstrates the plasticity of borderlines, the limits of imposed boundaries, and the flexible division between apolitical banditry and political rebellion in the borderlands of China and Vietnam. Historical studies of these areas tend to examine events only from the perspective of local communities or from the anxious view of imperial officials. By focusing on the Black Flags, upland communities, and their relationships to various empires, this study illustrates borderland processes at the violent edges of empire. It contributes to the ongoing reassessment of borderland areas as frontiers for state expansion, arguing that projects of empire often were instruments of power for armed migrants and their allies, and that, as a setting for forms of human activity that defy tight boundaries, borderlands continued to exist well after the establishment of formal boundaries"--

Brigands and robbers --- Borderlands --- Violence --- History --- Social aspects

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Située à la frontière du nord du Vietnam et dotée d’un relief accidenté, la province de Cao Bằng, pays des Tày, a longtemps été considérée comme une zone reculée, barbare, insalubre et potentiellement dangereuse pour les Kinh venus du delta. Pour bien administrer cette zone frontalière, le souverain dût accepter les privilèges des chefs autochtones en maintenant ses propres prérogatives comme les éléments symboliques. Mais, à partir de 1820, en visant à intégrer cette région au système administratif officiel du pays, l’empereur Minh Mạng (1820‑1840) a réalisé une politique pour éliminer le pouvoir des gardiens de frontière. Cette réforme est considérée comme la première offensive, et d’ailleurs la plus violente, du pouvoir central à l’encontre des chefs autochtones en zone montagneuse. Cette monographie met en lumière la relation entre la monarchie et les pouvoirs locaux de Cao Bằng des origines aux conséquences de la réforme de Minh Mạng, y compris la rivalité politique entre des chefs locaux sur le plan local. Cette étude rétrospective offre un nouveau regard sur le processus d’intégration des marches frontières du nord du Vietnam et sur les difficultés rencontrées par la cour de Hué dans sa gestion des régions frontalières. Located on the northern border of Vietnam, endowed with a mountainous landscape and inhabited by the Tày people, the province of Cao Bằng was considered the most remote, barbarian, unhealthy and potentially dangerous region for Vietnamese from the delta. To govern this area successfully, the sovereign had to accept local leaders’ right to control the border and was obliged to limit the royal prerogative to symbolic forms, such as the payment of tribute. However, beginning in 1820, in an effort to integrate the region into the official administrative system of the country, the Emperor Minh Mang launched a policy to eliminate the power of chieftains in the borderland region. This reform was the first and most violent offensive of the central…

History --- gardien de frontière --- tusi --- chef autochtone --- zone frontalière --- pouvoir local --- minorité --- Cao Bằng --- nord du Vietnam --- région montagneuse --- Tày --- native chieftains --- indigenous leaders --- local authority --- minorities --- borderland --- Cao-Bang --- North Vietnam --- mountainous area --- Minh Mệnh, --- Cao Bằng (Vietnam : Province) --- Vietnam --- History. --- Minh Mạng, --- Gaoping (Vietnam : Province) --- 高平 (Vietnam : Province) --- Gaoping Sheng (Vietnam) --- 高平省 (Vietnam) --- Tỉnh Cao Bằng (Vietnam)