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Optimum ship routing. --- Truck driving --- Freight and freightage --- Energy consumption --- Environmental aspects --- SmartWay Transport Partnership Program (U.S.) --- United States.

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Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- Social policy --- Demography --- Europe --- Population Dynamics. --- Vital Statistics. --- Fertility, Human --- -Households --- Mortality --- -Public health --- -Community health --- Health services --- Hygiene, Public --- Hygiene, Social --- Public health services --- Public hygiene --- Sanitary affairs --- Social hygiene --- Health --- Human services --- Biosecurity --- Health literacy --- Medicine, Preventive --- National health services --- Sanitation --- Mortality, Law of --- Death --- Death (Biology) --- Population --- Families --- Home economics --- Human fertility --- Natality --- Human reproduction --- Infertility --- Registration of Vital Statistics --- Registration, Vital Statistics --- Statistics, Vital --- Vital Statistics Registration --- Registrations, Vital Statistics --- Vital Statistics Registrations --- Demographic Aging --- Demographic Transition --- Optimum Population --- Population Decrease --- Population Pressure --- Population Replacement --- Population Theory --- Residential Mobility --- Rural-Urban Migration --- Stable Population --- Stationary Population --- Malthusianism --- Neomalthusianism --- Aging, Demographic --- Decrease, Population --- Decreases, Population --- Demographic Transitions --- Dynamics, Population --- Migration, Rural-Urban --- Migrations, Rural-Urban --- Mobilities, Residential --- Mobility, Residential --- Optimum Populations --- Population Decreases --- Population Pressures --- Population Replacements --- Population Theories --- Population, Optimum --- Population, Stable --- Population, Stationary --- Populations, Optimum --- Populations, Stable --- Populations, Stationary --- Pressure, Population --- Pressures, Population --- Replacement, Population --- Replacements, Population --- Residential Mobilities --- Rural Urban Migration --- Rural-Urban Migrations --- Stable Populations --- Stationary Populations --- Theories, Population --- Theory, Population --- Transition, Demographic --- Transitions, Demographic --- Genetics, Population --- Regional disparities --- Europe. --- Northern Europe --- Southern Europe --- Western Europe --- Population. --- Households --- Public health --- POPULATION DYNAMICS, Europe --- VITAL STATISTICS, Europe --- Regional disparities. --- Life History Traits --- POPULATION DYNAMICS, Europe. --- VITAL STATISTICS, Europe. --- -Regional disparities --- Fertility, human --- Population dynamics, europe. --- Vital statistics, europe. --- Population Dynamics --- Vital Statistics

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Demography --- Population research --- Population --- Research --- Demography. --- Population Dynamics. --- Démographie --- Population research. --- Recherche --- Historical demography --- Social sciences --- Vital statistics --- Demographic Aging --- Demographic Transition --- Optimum Population --- Population Decrease --- Population Pressure --- Population Replacement --- Population Theory --- Residential Mobility --- Rural-Urban Migration --- Stable Population --- Stationary Population --- Malthusianism --- Neomalthusianism --- Aging, Demographic --- Decrease, Population --- Decreases, Population --- Demographic Transitions --- Dynamics, Population --- Migration, Rural-Urban --- Migrations, Rural-Urban --- Mobilities, Residential --- Mobility, Residential --- Optimum Populations --- Population Decreases --- Population Pressures --- Population Replacements --- Population Theories --- Population, Optimum --- Population, Stable --- Population, Stationary --- Populations, Optimum --- Populations, Stable --- Populations, Stationary --- Pressure, Population --- Pressures, Population --- Replacement, Population --- Replacements, Population --- Residential Mobilities --- Rural Urban Migration --- Rural-Urban Migrations --- Stable Populations --- Stationary Populations --- Theories, Population --- Theory, Population --- Transition, Demographic --- Transitions, Demographic --- Life History Traits --- Genetics, Population --- Accounting, Demographic --- Analyses, Demographic --- Analyses, Multiregional --- Analysis, Period --- Brass Technic --- Brass Technique --- Demographers --- Demographic Accounting --- Demographic Analysis --- Demographic Factor --- Demographic Factors --- Demographic Impact --- Demographic Impacts --- Demographic Survey --- Demographic Surveys --- Demographic and Health Surveys --- Demographics --- Demography, Historical --- Demography, Prehistoric --- Factor, Demographic --- Factors, Demographic --- Family Reconstitution --- Historical Demography --- Impact, Demographic --- Impacts, Demographic --- Multiregional Analysis --- Period Analysis --- Population Spatial Distribution --- Prehistoric Demography --- Reverse Survival Method --- Stable Population Method --- Survey, Demographic --- Surveys, Demographic --- Population Distribution --- Analyses, Period --- Analysis, Demographic --- Analysis, Multiregional --- Demographer --- Demographic Analyses --- Demographies, Historical --- Demographies, Prehistoric --- Distribution, Population --- Distribution, Population Spatial --- Distributions, Population --- Distributions, Population Spatial --- Family Reconstitutions --- Historical Demographies --- Method, Reverse Survival --- Method, Stable Population --- Methods, Reverse Survival --- Methods, Stable Population --- Multiregional Analyses --- Period Analyses --- Population Distributions --- Population Methods, Stable --- Population Spatial Distributions --- Prehistoric Demographies --- Reconstitution, Family --- Reconstitutions, Family --- Reverse Survival Methods --- Spatial Distribution, Population --- Spatial Distributions, Population --- Stable Population Methods --- Technic, Brass --- Technique, Brass --- Démographie --- Demographic --- Demographic and Health Survey

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Demography --- Demography. --- Population Dynamics. --- População. --- Population. --- Brazil --- Brazil. --- Population --- Historical demography --- Demographic Aging --- Demographic Transition --- Optimum Population --- Population Decrease --- Population Pressure --- Population Replacement --- Population Theory --- Residential Mobility --- Rural-Urban Migration --- Stable Population --- Stationary Population --- Malthusianism --- Neomalthusianism --- Aging, Demographic --- Decrease, Population --- Decreases, Population --- Demographic Transitions --- Dynamics, Population --- Migration, Rural-Urban --- Migrations, Rural-Urban --- Mobilities, Residential --- Mobility, Residential --- Optimum Populations --- Population Decreases --- Population Pressures --- Population Replacements --- Population Theories --- Population, Optimum --- Population, Stable --- Population, Stationary --- Populations, Optimum --- Populations, Stable --- Populations, Stationary --- Pressure, Population --- Pressures, Population --- Replacement, Population --- Replacements, Population --- Residential Mobilities --- Rural Urban Migration --- Rural-Urban Migrations --- Stable Populations --- Stationary Populations --- Theories, Population --- Theory, Population --- Transition, Demographic --- Transitions, Demographic --- Accounting, Demographic --- Analyses, Demographic --- Analyses, Multiregional --- Analysis, Period --- Brass Technic --- Brass Technique --- Demographers --- Demographic Accounting --- Demographic Analysis --- Demographic Factor --- Demographic Factors --- Demographic Impact --- Demographic Impacts --- Demographic Survey --- Demographic Surveys --- Demographic and Health Surveys --- Demographics --- Demography, Historical --- Demography, Prehistoric --- Factor, Demographic --- Factors, Demographic --- Family Reconstitution --- Historical Demography --- Impact, Demographic --- Impacts, Demographic --- Multiregional Analysis --- Period Analysis --- Population Spatial Distribution --- Prehistoric Demography --- Reverse Survival Method --- Stable Population Method --- Survey, Demographic --- Surveys, Demographic --- Population Distribution --- Analyses, Period --- Analysis, Demographic --- Analysis, Multiregional --- Demographer --- Demographic Analyses --- Demographies, Historical --- Demographies, Prehistoric --- Distribution, Population --- Distribution, Population Spatial --- Distributions, Population --- Distributions, Population Spatial --- Family Reconstitutions --- Historical Demographies --- Method, Reverse Survival --- Method, Stable Population --- Methods, Reverse Survival --- Methods, Stable Population --- Multiregional Analyses --- Period Analyses --- Population Distributions --- Population Methods, Stable --- Population Spatial Distributions --- Prehistoric Demographies --- Reconstitution, Family --- Reconstitutions, Family --- Reverse Survival Methods --- Spatial Distribution, Population --- Spatial Distributions, Population --- Stable Population Methods --- Technic, Brass --- Technique, Brass --- Human population --- Human populations --- Population growth --- Populations, Human --- Brazylia --- República Federativa do Brasil --- Brasil --- République fédérative du Brésil --- Brésil --- Brasilien --- Pa-hsi --- Federative Republic of Brazil --- Brasile --- Brazilië --- Brazilia --- Бразил --- Федерациэм Республикэ Бразил --- Federat︠s︡iėm Respublikė Brazil --- Brasilië --- Federale Republiek van Brasilië --- البرازيل --- al-Barāzīl --- برازيل --- Barāzīl --- Rèpublica fèdèrativa du Brèsil --- Pindorama --- Tetã Pindorama --- Wrasil --- Tantasqa Republika Wrasil --- Braziliya --- Braziliya Federativ Respublikası --- Pa-se --- Pa-se Liân-pang Kiōng-hô-kok --- Бразилия --- Brazilii︠a︡ --- Бразилия Федератив Республикаhы --- Brazilii︠a︡ Federativ Respublikaḣy --- Бразілія --- Федэратыўная Рэспубліка Бразілія --- Fedėratyŭnai︠a︡ Rėspublika Brazilii︠a︡ --- Федеративна република Бразилия --- Federativna republika Brazilii︠a︡ --- Federativna republika Brazil --- Republik Kevreel Brazil --- República Federal del Brasil --- Бразили --- Brazili --- Бразили Федеративлă Республики --- Brazili Federativlă Respubliki --- Brazilská federativní republika --- Pederatibong Republika sa Brasil --- Republica Federativa del Brazil --- Republica Federale di u Brasile --- Gweriniaeth Ffederal Brasil --- Brasilia --- ブラジル --- Burajiru --- Social sciences --- Vital statistics --- Life History Traits --- Genetics, Population --- Economics --- Human ecology --- Sociology --- Brasili --- Brazilii͡ --- Brazilii͡a Federativ Respublikaḣy --- Federale Republiek van Brasili --- Federativna republika Brazilii͡ --- Federat͡siėm Respublikė Brazil --- Fedėratyŭnai͡a Rėspublika Brazilii͡ --- Demographic --- Demographic and Health Survey

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The financial and economic crisis that hit Europe in 2009 brought out the precariousness of the monetary union, accentuating the economic disequilibrium among European nations and strengthening Euro-skepticism. The crisis served as a catalyst for long-standing and unresolved problems: the creation of a singly monetary area with intergovernmental control, the final act in the construction of a Europe economically united but without a government and a state; the consequent discrepancy between forming a consensus that remains in large part national and the political dynamics in Europe; the sustainability of a monetary union in the absence of an economic-social union, which presents again the long-standing debate between "monetarist" countries and "economist" countries.This book aims at placing current events within a long-term framework composed of a mosaic of multidisciplinary contributions that can provide the reader with keys which are adequate for an understanding of these events and useful for opening up new horizons.The book begins with a look at 20th-century monetary unification projects in an attempt at reconstructing the long road toward the single currency: the first monetary unification projects in the 1950s and 1960s; the turbulence of the 1970s; the new impetus given by the European Monetary System to the cohesion among European countries; the causes of the 1992 crisis; and the long struggle for the Monetary Union, which would end at Maastricht. Finally, it focuses on the most recent events - the creation of the Eurozone and its crisis - starting from the turbulent years of the first decade of the new millennium and ending on May 31, 2016, just before the Brexit referendum.The book focuses on analyzing the strategies undertaken during the monetary unification process, underscoring, on the one hand, the conviction of the Founding Fathers of the EMU that a single currency would favor further progress toward a more stringent economic and political integration, and on the other the continuing national resistance to the transfer of sovereignty from the national states to the European Union.

Monetary unions --- Monetary policy --- History. --- Economic and Monetary Union --- European Union countries --- Economic integration --- (Produktform)Paperback / softback --- Comparing --- Monetary --- Preda --- Union --- amidst --- integration --- national --- prospects --- resistance --- strategies --- (VLB-WN)1550: Hardcover, Softcover / Geschichte --- Economic and Monetary Union -- HistoryUnion économique et monétaire -- Histoire -- Actes de congrèsPolitique monétaire -- Pays de l'Union européenne -- Histoire -- Actes de congrèsPays de l'Union européenne -- Intégration économique -- Histoire -- Actes de congrèsMonetary policy -- European Union countries -- HistoryEuropean Union countries -- Economic integration -- History --- Union économique et monétaire --- 334.151.20 --- Monetary management --- Common currencies --- Currency areas --- Currency unions --- Optimum currency areas --- History --- Economische en monetaire unie van de Europese Gemeenschappen: algemeenheden. --- EMU --- WWU --- Europäische Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion --- Unión Económica y Monetaria Europea --- Oikonomikē kai Nomismatikē Henōsē --- ONE --- European Monetary Union --- Talous- ja rahaliitto --- Unione monetaria --- Euroopan talous- ja rahaliitto --- Rahaliitto --- European Economic and Monetary Union --- UME --- Unione monetaria europea --- EWWU --- Unión Monetaria Europea --- Ekonomiska och monetära unionen --- Union monétaire européenne --- Union économique et monétaire européenne --- UEM --- Unia Gospodarcza i Walutowa --- Politique monétaire --- Histoire --- Congresses --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Intégration économique --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Currency question --- Money --- Euro --- European federation --- 20th century --- 21st century --- Economic and monetary union --- Economische en monetaire unie van de Europese Gemeenschappen: algemeenheden --- Histoire. --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Intégration économique --- Europe --- EU countries --- Euroland --- Monetary unions - European Union countries - History --- Monetary policy - European Union countries - History --- European Union countries - Economic integration - History --- Union économique et monétaire --- Politique monétaire