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In den 1960er Jahren wurde "Entwicklung" zu einem universalen Ziel und umkämpften Politikfeld im Spannungsverhältnis von Kaltem Krieg, Dekolonisierung und konkurrierenden Sozialismen. Die Regierung Tansanias setzte beim Aufbau eines eigenständigen Afrikanischen Sozialismus auch auf Expertise, Kredite und Stipendien aus Ost und West. In globalhistorischer Perspektive diskutiert dieses Buch Felder, Akteure und konkrete Arenen der Entwicklungsarbeit anhand der entwicklungspolitischen Verflechtungen zwischen Tansania und den beiden deutschen Staaten und zeigt auf, wie visionäre Zukunftsentwürfe immer mehr dem Primat ökonomischer Krisenbewältigung wichen. In the 1960s, "development" became a universal goal and contested policy field in the tense relationship between the Cold War, decolonization and competing models of socialism. The government of Tanzania also relied on expertise, loans, and grants from East and West to build an independent African socialism. In a global history perspective, this book discusses fields, actors, and concrete arenas of development work as linkages between Tanzania and the two German states and shows how visionary concepts for the future increasingly gave way to the primacy of economic crisis management.

Socialism

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Starting from the reconstruction of Bruno Trentin's transnational network of political and intellectual relationships, the essay analyzes the European and international dimensions of his political and trade union activity from the years of his leadership of the General Secretary up to his experience in the European Parliament. The union of rights and the political program on Europe are the main themes of the essay. They are combined with the question of the construction of political Europe and the institutional reform of the Union, and culminate in his contribution to the European Parliament, in the aftermath of the elaboration of the "European Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union," and on the occasion of the debate on the European Constitution.

Socialism.

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Socialism --- Communism

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"Modernisation has been a constant theme in Russian history at least since Peter the Great launched a series of initiatives aimed at closing the economic, technical and cultural gap between Russia and the more?advanced? countries of Europe. All of the leaders of the Soviet Union and post-Soviet Russia have been intensely aware of this gap, and have pursued a number of strategies, some more successful than others, in order to modernise the country. But it would be wrong to view modernisation as a unilinear process which was the exclusive preserve of the state. Modernisation has had profound effects on Russian society, and the attitudes of different social groups have been crucial to the success and failure of modernisation. This volume examines the broad theme of modernisation in late imperial, Soviet, and post-Soviet Russia both through general overviews of particular topics, and specific case studies of modernisation projects and their impact. Modernisation is seen not just as an economic policy, but as a cultural and social phenomenon reflected through such diverse themes as ideology, welfare, education, gender relations, transport, political reform, and the Internet. The result is the most up to date and comprehensive survey of modernisation in Russia available, which highlights both one of the perennial problems and the challenges and prospects for contemporary Russia."

Socialism. --- Russia.

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The socialist states of Eastern Europe closely and suspiciously observed the expellee organizations that had emerged in the Federal Republic since the late 1940s, including their political activities. This volume, for the first time, takes a look at this 'enemy and foreign observation' by the intelligence services, using various case studies from the GDR, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Yugoslavia. It examines what the secret services knew about the expellee functionaries and their past, and asks what information was collected and how it was used. In addition, the role of the Germans who remained in the socialist states and the Aussiedler, who came to the FRG and formed a link between the expellees and their 'old homeland', is examined. The volume thus makes an important contribution to research on the perception of the expellee organizations in the socialist states, on the work of the security services, and on bilateral contacts during the 'Cold War'.

National socialism.