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This open access book offers a comprehensive analysis of social protection in Latin America, its origins, institutions, and outcomes. The chapters are organised in three groups. The earlier chapters discuss in turn appropriate methods, an analytical framework, and core institutions. The book advocates a causal inference approach to the study of the institutions that have dominated social protection in the region: occupational insurance, individual retirement savings, and social assistance. The middle chapters study social protection’s main stratification effects, focussing on stratification effects on employment, protection, and worker incorporation. The later chapters then assess social protection outcomes and identify country groupings including their evolution over time. The book, and its approach and findings, contributes to the advancement of a theory of social protection amongst late industrialisers. Armando Barrientos is Professor Emeritus of Poverty and Social Justice at the Global Development Institute at the University of Manchester, UK. He was Research Director at the World Poverty Institute. .

Social policy. --- Social choice. --- Welfare economics. --- Political sociology. --- Social Policy. --- Comparative Social Policy. --- Social Choice and Welfare. --- Political Sociology.

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This open access book examines the chronic underperformance of economies with respect to inclusion, sustainability and resilience. It finds that the standard liberal economic growth and development model has evolved over the past century in a fundamentally unbalanced manner that underemphasizes the crucial role of institutions – legal norms, policy incentives and public administrative capacities – in translating market-based growth in the production of goods and services into broad and sustainable gains in social welfare at the household level. Correcting this imbalance of emphasis in economic theory and policy between markets and institutions, production and distribution, and national income and household living standards is the single most important step required to transcend 20th century trickle-down “neoliberalism” and replace it with a more human-centred model of economic progress in the 21st century. The book breaks new ground by integrating the principal institutional dimensions of the social contract into the heart of macroeconomic theory and presenting extensive corresponding reforms of domestic and international economic policy to refocus them on the median living standards, rather than primarily aggregate wealth or GDP, of nations. This is the bottom-line measure of national economic performance, and it depends on the strength of both markets of exchange and institutions in such areas as labour and social protection, financial and corporate governance, competition and rents, anti-corruption, infrastructure and basic necessities, environmental protection, education and skilling, etc. Extensive comparative data are presented demonstrating that countries at every level of economic development have ample policy space to narrow their “welfare gaps” – their underperformance on these and other key aspects of household living standards relative to the frontier of leading policy practice in peer countries. Richard Samans is Director of the International Labour Organization’s Research Department and its Sherpa to the G20, G7 and BRICS processes. .

Labor economics. --- Environmental economics. --- Economics. --- Social choice. --- Labor Economics. --- Environmental Economics. --- Public Choice and Political Economy.

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There is much intense interest in North Korea at present. This partly arises from questions about Korea's nuclear capability and intentions, and about the extent to which North Korea may be viewed as 'a rogue state' or part of 'the axis of evil'. In addition, however, North Korea has recently begun experimenting with reforms along Chinese lines. The vigour with which these will be pursued, and related questions about the degree of engagement, or otherwise, with South Korea are also important issues. This book provides full details of economic and political developments in North Korea since 198

Korea (North) --- Economic conditions. --- Politics and government. --- Election law --- Voting --- Balloting --- Polls --- Elections --- Politics, Practical --- Social choice --- Suffrage --- Electoral law --- Law, Election --- Constitutional law --- Law and legislation

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"Models in Microeconomic Theory covers basic models in current microeconomic theory. Part I (Chapters 1-7) presents models of an economic agent, discussing abstract models of preferences, choice, and decision making under uncertainty, before turning to models of the consumer, the producer, and monopoly. Part II (Chapters 8-14) introduces the concept of equilibrium, beginning, unconventionally, with the models of the jungle and an economy with indivisible goods, and continuing with models of an exchange economy, equilibrium with rational expectations, and an economy with asymmetric information. Part III (Chapters 15-16) provides an introduction to game theory, covering strategic and extensive games and the concepts of Nash equilibrium and subgame perfect equilibrium. Part IV (Chapters 17-20) gives a taste of the topics of mechanism design, matching, the axiomatic analysis of economic systems, and social choice.The book focuses on the concepts of model and equilibrium. It states models and results precisely, and provides proofs for all results. It uses only elementary mathematics (with almost no calculus), although many of the proofs involve sustained logical arguments. It includes about 150 exercises.With its formal but accessible style, this textbook is designed for undergraduate students of microeconomics at intermediate and advanced levels."

Economic theory & philosophy --- Biography & True Stories --- Social research & statistics --- Economics, finance, business & management --- microeconomic theory; basic models; models of an economic agent; equilibrium; game theory; mechanism design; matching; axiomatic analysis of economic systems; social choice; undergraduate students; microeconomics --- microeconomic theory --- basic models --- models of an economic agent --- equilibrium --- game theory --- mechanism design --- matching --- axiomatic analysis of economic systems --- social choice --- undergraduate students --- microeconomics

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This open access book traces the development of sociology in Germany from the late 19th century to the present day, providing a concise overview of the main actors, institutional processes, theories, methods, topics and controversies. Throughout the book, the author relates the discipline’s history to its historical, economic, political and cultural contexts. The book begins with sociology in the German Reich, the Weimar Republic, National Socialism and exile, before exploring sociology after 1945 as a ‘key discipline’ of the young Federal Republic of Germany, and reconstructing the periods from 1945 to 1968 and from 1968 to 1990. The final chapters are devoted to sociology in the German Democratic Republic and the period from 1990 to the present day. This work will appeal to students and scholars of sociology, and to a general readership interested in the history of Germany. Stephan Moebius is Professor of SociologicalTheory and Intellectual History at the University of Graz, Austria.

Sociology. --- Sociology—History. --- Europe, Central—History. --- Social choice. --- Welfare economics. --- Civilization—History. --- History of Sociology. --- History of Germany and Central Europe. --- Social Choice and Welfare. --- Cultural History. --- Choice, Social --- Collective choice --- Public choice --- Choice (Psychology) --- Social psychology --- Welfare economics --- Social theory --- Social sciences --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Social policy --- Social Sciences, general --- Sociology, general --- History of Germany and Central Europe --- Social Choice/Welfare Economics/Public Choice/Political Economy --- Cultural History --- Sociology --- History of Sociology --- Social Choice and Welfare --- German Democratic Republic --- The Frankfurt School --- The Marburg School --- German Empire --- fascism --- Weimar Republic --- Open Access --- West Germany --- theory-boom --- anti-sociology --- Marxist-Leninist --- gender turn --- hyphen sociologies --- Society & Social Sciences --- European history --- Economic theory & philosophy --- Social & cultural history --- Europe, Central --- Civilization --- History.