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In recent years, there has been a substantial amount of research on quantum computers machines that exploit quantum mechanical phenomena to solve mathematical problems that are difficult or intractable for conventional computers. If large-scale quantum computers are ever built, they will be able to break many of the public-key cryptosystems currently in use. This would seriously compromise the confidentiality and integrity of digital communications on the Internet and elsewhere. The goal of post-quantum cryptography (also called quantum-resistant cryptography) is to develop cryptographic systems that are secure against both quantum and classical computers, and can interoperate with existing communications protocols and networks. This Internal Report shares the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) s current understanding about the status of quantum computing and post-quantum cryptography, and outlines NIST s initial plan to move forward in this space. The report also recognizes the challenge of moving to new cryptographic infrastructures and therefore emphasizes the need for agencies to focus on crypto agility.
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Quantum computers --- Quantum computing --- Cryptography --- Computer security
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Quantum computing --- Research --- Quantum theory --- Information science. --- Government policy
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Solar energy --- Energy storage --- Quantum computing --- Power resources --- Research --- Materials
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This open access book explains the state of the art in quantum software engineering and design, independent from a specific hardware. It deals with quantum software theoretical aspects and with classical software engineering concepts like agile development approaches, validation, measurement, and deployment applied in a quantum or hybrid environment, and is complemented by a number of various industry applications. After an introductory chapter overviewing the contents of the subsequent chapters, the book is composed of three parts. It starts with a theoretical part on quantum software, as a bold declaration that quantum software theory is deep and valuable independent from the existence of specific quantum hardware. It is based upon the claim that quantum software is the more general theory subsuming classical and hybrid software system theories. The second, more extensive part deals with quantum software system and engineering design. Its quality follows from the comparison of the broad diversity of sometimes conflicting views. Moreover, the variety of approaches to design, enable the reader to make a well-pondered rational choice of preference. The book concludes with a third part, referring to multiple software applications and corresponding laboratory experiences, in order to understand their implications in practice and avoid repeating past mistakes. This book is of interest to industry professionals and researchers in academia, which are either producing or applying quantum software systems in their work or are considering their potential utility in the future. Furthermore, it also could be beneficial for practitioners already experienced with classical software engineering who desire to understand the fundamentals or possible applications of quantum software.
Software engineering. --- Quantum computers. --- Software Engineering. --- Quantum Computing.
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Quantum theory --- Communication in information science --- Information policy --- Quantum computing --- Government policy
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