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Plant regulators --- Chemistry --- Agriculture --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Plant Sciences --- Chemistry - General --- -Plant growth regulators --- Agricultural chemicals --- Growth regulators --- Growth (Plants) --- Addresses, essays, lectures --- Regulation --- Plant regulators. --- Plant and Crop Sciences. Botany --- Plant Physiology --- Plant Growth Regulators --- -Addresses, essays, lectures --- Plant Growth Regulators. --- Plant growth regulators --- Hormones. --- Hormones --- Plant --- Reactivity (chemical)
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Respiration in plants, as in all living organisms, is essential to provide metabolic energy and carbon skeletons for growth and maintenance. As such, respiration is an essential component of a plant’s carbon budget. Depending on species and environmental conditions, it consumes 25-75% of all the carbohydrates produced in photosynthesis – even more at extremely slow growth rates. Respiration in plants can also proceed in a manner that produces neither metabolic energy nor carbon skeletons, but heat. This type of respiration involves the cyanide-resistant, alternative oxidase; it is unique to plants, and resides in the mitochondria. The activity of this alternative pathway can be measured based on a difference in fractionation of oxygen isotopes between the cytochrome and the alternative oxidase. Heat production is important in some flowers to attract pollinators; however, the alternative oxidase also plays a major role in leaves and roots of most plants. A common thread throughout this volume is to link respiration, including alternative oxidase activity, to plant functioning in different environments.
Plants --- Plant physiology. --- Botany --- Physiology --- Respiration. --- Plant respiration --- Plant physiology --- Respiration --- Gases from plants --- Effect of anaerobiosis on --- Cell Respiration. --- Ecology. --- Plant and Crop Sciences. Botany --- Plant Ecology. --- Metabolism. --- Botany. --- Agriculture. --- Science --- Plant Sciences. --- Plant Physiology. --- Science Education. --- Study and teaching. --- Science education --- Scientific education --- Ecology --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Biology --- Natural history --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Phytoecology --- Vegetation ecology --- Plant science. --- Plant ecology. --- Science education. --- Floristic botany --- Floristic ecology
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The technique of chlorophyll fluorescence has a relatively short history, beginning with the observations by Kautsky (Kautsky and Hirsch, 1931). Since that time there have been several· reviews devoted to the subject, with most of them highly theoretical (Bohlar-Nordenkampf and Oquist, 1993; Dau, 1994; Schreiber et aI. , 1994). There have also been many books devoted to generalized spectrophotometric and microscopic fluorescence techniques. However, to the best of our knowledge there has not been a book completely devoted to the practical applications and uses of chlorophyll fluorescence in plant biology. As techniques mature, applications multiply and so do their potential advantages. The chlorophyll fluorescence technique is maturing as can be seen in the increasing numbers of publications that are devoted to its use. Therefore, we considered that now was a good time to compile the existing knowledge for the applied use of this technique and provide a single volume to which a novice or experienced user could refer. Highly trained experts in the field of photobiology have primarily used the chlorophyll fluorescence technique in the past. In that work, understanding the mechanisms and controls of the photosynthetic processes was the main focus of activity and discussion. Much of the equipment used was highly specialized and expensive, or in some cases one-of-a-kind lab designed units. However, the development of several reliable commercially available chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring instruments has changed the potential user base for the technique.
Chlorophylle --- Chlorophylls --- Fluorescence --- Mesure --- Measurement --- Instrument de mesure --- Measuring instruments --- Testage non destructif --- Nondestructive testing --- Physiologie végétale --- Plant physiology --- Chlorophyll --- Fluorimetry. --- Plant and Crop Sciences. Botany --- Analysis. --- Plant Composition --- Plant Biochemistry, Phytochemistry --- Plant Biochemistry, Phytochemistry. --- Phytochemistry. Phytobiochemistry --- Plant physiology. Plant biophysics --- Fluorimetry --- Fluorescence analysis --- Fluorimetric analysis --- Fluorometric analysis --- Fluorometry --- Luminescence analysis --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Primary productivity (Biology) --- Analysis --- Analytical chemistry --- Plant physiology. --- Plant science. --- Botany. --- Ecotoxicology. --- Ecology . --- Plant Physiology. --- Plant Sciences. --- Ecology. --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Ecotoxicology --- Pollutants --- Pollution --- Environmental health --- Toxicology --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Natural history --- Plants --- Botany --- Physiology --- Ecology --- Floristic botany --- Photobiologie
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