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The three defeated Axis powers – Japan, Italy and Germany – incorporated a prohibition on wars of aggression into their democratic constitutions. This book covers the years of the Nuremberg and Tokyo Trials and the constituent assemblies of 1947– 49 through to current debates on the adaptation of the pacifi st articles in line with new “humanitarian” wars. Aspects relating to the birth of the three countries’ constitutions are treated in great detail in three appendices.

Pacifisme. --- Constitutional history --- Pacifism. --- Japan. --- Italy. --- Germany. --- Peace --- Sociology, Military --- Evil, Non-resistance to --- Nonviolence --- constitution --- second world war --- after war period --- Japan --- Italy --- Germany --- wars of agression --- democratic constitution --- Nuremberg Trial --- Tokyo Trial --- pacifist articles

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Peace --- Underground press publications --- Pacifism --- Underground periodicals --- Pacifism. --- Peace. --- Underground periodicals. --- Underground press publications. --- Societies, etc. --- Syracuse Peace Council --- Syracuse Peace Council. --- New York (State) --- Underground press --- Alternative press publications --- Alternative periodicals --- Peace societies --- Coexistence, Peaceful --- Peaceful coexistence --- SPC --- Publications --- Periodicals --- Zines --- International relations --- Disarmament --- Peace-building --- Security, International --- War --- Sociology, Military --- Evil, Non-resistance to --- Nonviolence

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Analysis of the change in the political orientation made in the Communist Party of Chile in the early 80s of last century and the adoption of the policy of Popular Rebellion in their fight against Pinochet.

Government, Resistance to --- History --- Partido Comunista de Chile. --- Frente Patriótico Manuel Rodríguez (Chile) --- Chile --- Politics and government --- Civil resistance --- Non-resistance to government --- Resistance to government --- Kommunisticheskai︠a︡ partii︠a︡ Chili --- Partido Comunista Chileno --- Partido Comunista (Chile) --- Chilean Communist Party --- Partido Comunista do Chile --- PCCh --- FPMR --- Frente Manuel Rodríguez (Chile) --- Partido Comunista de Chile --- History. --- Politics and government. --- Partido Socialista de Trabajadores (Chile) --- Partido Obrero Socialista (Chile) --- Latin America --- chile --- history --- political culture --- chilean communist party

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Is there an option to oppose without automatically participating in the opposed? This volume explores different perspectives on dissent, understanding practices, cultures, and theories of resistance, dispute, and opposition as inherently participative. It discusses aspects of the body as a political instance, the identity and subjectivity building of individuals and groups, (micro-)practices of dissent, and theories of critique from different disciplinary perspectives. This collection thus touches upon contemporary issues, recent protests and movements, artistic subversion and dissent, online activism as well as historic developments and elemental theories of dissent.

Participation; Media; Practices; Dissent; Culture; Digital Media; Queer Theory; Postcolonialism; Civil Society; Media Studies --- Civil Society. --- Culture. --- Digital Media. --- Dissent. --- Media Studies. --- Media. --- Postcolonialism. --- Practices. --- Queer Theory. --- Government, Resistance to. --- Opposition (Political science) --- Protest movements. --- Political opposition --- Political science --- Divided government --- Civil resistance --- Non-resistance to government --- Resistance to government --- Political violence --- Insurgency --- Nonviolence --- Revolutions --- Social movements --- Participation --- Media --- Practices --- Dissent --- Culture --- Digital Media --- Queer Theory --- Postcolonialism --- Civil Society --- Media Studies --- Political resistance

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Although authoritarian countries often repress independent citizen activity, lobbying by civil society organizations is actually a widespread phenomenon. Using case studies such as China, Russia, Belarus, Cambodia, Malaysia, Montenegro, Turkey, and Zimbabwe, Lobbying the Autocrat shows that citizen advocacy organizations carve out niches in the authoritarian policy process, even influencing policy outcomes. The cases cover a range of autocratic regime types (one-party, multi-party, personalist) on different continents, and encompass different systems of government to explore citizen advocacy ranging from issues such as social welfare, women's rights, election reform, environmental protection, and land rights. They show how civil society has developed adaptive capacities to the changing levels of political repression and built resilience through 'tactful contention' strategies. Thus, within the bounds set by the authoritarian regimes, adaptive lobbying may still bring about localized responsiveness and representation. However, the challenging conditions of authoritarian advocacy systems identified throughout this volume present challenges for both advocates and autocrats alike. The former are pushed by an environment of constant threat and uncertainty into a precarious dance with the dictator: just the right amount of acquiescence and assertiveness, private persuasion and public pressure, and the flexibility to change quickly to suit different situations. An adaptive lobbyist survives and may even thrive in such conditions, while others often face dire consequences. For the autocrat on the other hand, the more they stifle the associational sphere in an effort to prevent mass mobilization, the less they will reap the informational benefits associated with it. This volume synthesizes the findings of the comparative cases to build a framework for understanding how civil society effectively lobbies inside authoritarian countries.

Authoritarianism. --- Lobbying --- Political planning. --- Public interest groups. --- Social action. --- Government, Resistance to. --- Civil resistance --- Non-resistance to government --- Political resistance --- Resistance to government --- Political science --- Political violence --- Insurgency --- Nonviolence --- Revolutions --- Social policy --- Social problems --- Citizens' watchdog groups --- PIRGs (Public interest groups) --- Public interest lobbying groups --- Public interest research groups --- Watchdog groups, Citizens' --- Pressure groups --- Planning in politics --- Public policy --- Planning --- Policy sciences --- Politics, Practical --- Public administration --- Persuasion (Psychology) --- Authority