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Psychology --- Mental Processes.

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Parapsychology and science --- Philosophy of mind --- Consciousness --- Causation --- Holism --- Quantum theory --- Mental Processes --- Parapsychology --- Complementary Therapies --- Quantum Theory --- Topological geometrodynamics

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Francisco Aboitiz earned a PhD in Neuroscience at UCLA in 1991 analyizing the fiber composition of the human corpus callosum. After a period of postdoctoral training in the Mental Retardation Research Center of this same University, he returned to the University of Chile where he became Chairman of the Morphology Program at the Institute for Biomedical Sciences. In 2002, he moved to the Department of Psychiatry at the Medical School of the "Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile", where he directs the Center for Neurobiological Studies (http://www.neuro.cl) and has been recently appointed as Full Professor. He has published some 70 ISI articles and 15 book chapters of neuroanatomy, comparative neurobiology and cognitive neuroscience. Diego Cosmelli obtained in 2004 his PhD in Cognitive Science from the École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France, studying the relation between phenomenological accounts, signal analysis methods and neurodynamical patterns during binocular rivalry. After a postdoctoral work on enactive approaches to consciousness at York University in Toronto, Canada, he returned to Chile. He is an Associate Researcher at the Center for Neurobiological Studies of the Psychiatry Dep. at the P. Universidad Católica de Chile. Since March 2008 he is Associate Professor of the School of Psychology of the same university. His current research is centered on the relation between biological organization, sensorimotor processes and the dynamics of human experience. Back cover text In addition to asking what attention actually is, decomposing and analyzing its varieties or revealing its neurobiological mechanisms, a full-fledged theory of attention must consider its workings in the context of motivated, goal-directed and environmentally constrained organisms. The essays compiled in this volume are aimed at making a contribution towards this end. Specifically, the main conclusion that can be drawn is that fundamental links exist between attention and two key processes that are crucial for adapted conduct: goal-directed behavior and cognitive control. Importantly, both the mechanisms underlying these processes, and the actual relations that exist between them, can and must be explored at multiple levels, including neurodynamical, neurochemical, evolutionary and clinical. In doing so, it is apparent that several methodological challenges arise which are worth considering and pursuing, particularly when an ecological take on these questions seems ever more necessary. The reader will find here an invitation to explore these numerous connections, through a selection of contributions that range from basic mechanisms of attention at the neuronal level to developmental aspects of cognitive control and its impairments.

Attention. --- Interest (Psychology). --- Psychology. --- Mental Processes --- Motivation --- Arousal --- Psychophysiology --- Psychological Phenomena and Processes --- Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Cognition --- Intention --- Attention --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Neurology --- Physiological aspects. --- Concentration (Psychology) --- Flow (Psychology) --- Medicine. --- Neurosciences. --- Biomedicine. --- Psychology --- Apperception --- Arousal (Physiology) --- Educational psychology --- Memory --- Thought and thinking --- Distraction (Psychology) --- Executive functions (Neuropsychology) --- Interest (Psychology) --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Nervous system

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Human object recognition is a classical topic both for philosophy and for the natural sciences. The idea that visual recognition is action oriented developed in philosophy and psychology but inspired the approaches of sensory-motor integration in physiology and active vision in robotics. Attention, originally a psychological concept, is now a hot topic both for the neurosciences and computer science. Indeed, problems of competition among concurrent processes of data analysis, task requirements, and economic allocation of processing resources remain to be solved. Ultimately, understanding of object recognition will be promoted by the cooperation of behavioral research, neurophysiology, and computation. This book provides an excellent introduction to the issues that are involved, with chapters that address the ways in which humans and machines attend to, recognize, and act toward objects in the visual environment.

Biomedicine. --- Neurosciences. --- Neurobiology. --- Medicine. --- Médecine --- Neurosciences --- Neurobiologie --- Attention -- physiology. --- Motion Perception -- physiology. --- Pattern Recognition, Visual -- physiology. --- Recognition (Psychology). --- Visual perception. --- Visual perception --- Recognition (Psychology) --- Pattern Recognition, Visual --- Attention --- Motion Perception --- Memory --- Pattern Recognition, Physiological --- Visual Perception --- Form Perception --- Arousal --- Learning --- Psychophysiology --- Perception --- Space Perception --- Psychological Phenomena and Processes --- Mental Processes --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Neurology --- Psychology --- Neuroscience --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Social Sciences --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Optics, Psychological --- Vision --- Psychological aspects --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Medical sciences --- Nervous system --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Visual discrimination

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The sense of smell has varied roles in locating food, detecting predators, navigating, and communicating social information, whereas the taste system is focused on decision-making in food intake. The last decade has witnessed massive advances in understanding the molecular logic of chemosensory information processing, and the results for taste sensation were found to differ in interesting ways from those for smell sensation. The 12 chapters of this book cover the current knowledge about the chemosensory systems in mammalian, fish and insect models. The advantages of the different model systems are emphasized. The genomic characteristics and evolution of olfactory and gustatory receptor gene families are analyzed, rules for odorant receptor gene choice and axonal projection of the corresponding receptor neurons are discussed, and the similarities and dissimilarities of pheromone vs. odorant sensing are examined as well as the molecular logic of mammalian sweet taste, bitter taste, and fat perception. Olfactory-guided and taste-guided behaviors are discussed, with a particular emphasis on the insect system.

Animals -- Sense organs. --- Chemical senses. --- Chemoreceptors. --- Neurobiology. --- Senses and sensation. --- Insects --- Mammals --- Fishes --- Olfactory Perception --- Receptors, Odorant --- Sense Organs --- Vertebrates --- Receptors, Cell Surface --- Anatomy --- Arthropods --- Perception --- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled --- Chordata --- Membrane Proteins --- Invertebrates --- Mental Processes --- Animals --- Proteins --- Psychological Phenomena and Processes --- Eukaryota --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Organisms --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Animal Biochemistry --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Sensory receptors. --- Receptors, Sensory --- Life sciences. --- Biochemistry. --- Animal genetics. --- Animal physiology. --- Life Sciences. --- Animal Biochemistry. --- Animal Physiology. --- Animal Genetics and Genomics. --- Neural receptors --- Sensory receptors --- Chemical senses --- Neurosciences --- Genetics --- Animal physiology --- Biology --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Physiology --- Composition