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Although associated with coronary heart disease and generalized arteriosclerosis in a large number of patients, lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) is a disease process by itself that only one in four patients will survive more than 10 years. Approximately 10 million men and women in the United States suffer from LEAD. In Lower Extremity Arterial Disease, leaders in the fields of cardiovascular medicine, hypertension, vascular surgery, vascular radiology, and vascular physiology join forces to comprehensively review the state-of-the-art concerning atherosclerosis of the arteries of the legs and feet. The authors discuss in detail LEAD's primary symptom-claudication-an intermittent pain in the leg or foot while walking, its predisposing factors, the current diagnostic methodologies, the impressive advances in the therapeutic armamentarium, and the need to screen for co-existing coronary artery disease. Additional chapters describe cutting-edge noninvasive angiography and vascular flow studies, specific drug therapy for claudication, regression of atherosclerosis therapy, gene therapy, and drug-eluting stents for peripheral arterial disease. The authors also examine the epidemiology of LEAD, the effects of smoking and effective smoking cessation programs, its pathogenesis and its association with lipid abnormalities and hypertension, aggressive risk factor modification, and the need to measure the ankle-brachial index of every patient over 45. Authoritative and up-to-date, Lower Extremity Arterial Disease offers family physicians, cardiologists, internists, radiologists, and cardiovascular surgeons a comprehensive analysis of all aspects of LEAD, ranging from diagnostic methodologies and pharmacotherapy to aggressive risk factor modification, transcatheter therapeutics, and gene therapy.

Vascular Diseases --- Arteries --- Lower Extremity --- Leg --- Artères --- diagnosis --- therapy --- physiopathology --- Blood-vessels --- Diseases --- Maladies --- Arteries -- Diseases. --- Leg -- Blood-vessels -- Diseases. --- Diagnosis --- Extremities --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Blood Vessels --- Cardiovascular Diseases --- Body Regions --- Cardiovascular System --- Anatomy --- Surgery - General and By Type --- Medicine --- Surgery & Anesthesiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Diseases. --- Extremities, Lower --- Extremity, Lower --- Legs --- Limb, Lower --- Limb, Pelvic --- Lower extremities --- Lower extremity --- Lower limb --- Lower limbs --- Pelvic limb --- Pelvic limbs --- Medicine. --- Vascular surgery. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Vascular Surgery. --- Extremities (Anatomy)

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Any surgical intervention has potential risks and complications. Some complications are avoidable and some are not. Arthrofibrosis or stiffness may take place in the best of hands, and infection may surface postoperatively even in the most sterile operating room. How one deals with complications truly tests the skill of the surgeon. Keeping calm and focussed on the issues in the midst of an intraoperative complication will be facilitated by having an algorithmic approach. Complications in Knee and Shoulder Surgery is designed as a reference tool and a roadmap for the sports medicine orthopedist to minimize complications in knee and shoulder surgery. By understanding the functional anatomy at risk, proper surgical set up, proper equipment, and proper patient selection, a preventative approach to complications can be instituted. The authors of these chapters are leaders in orthopedic sports medicine and reveal their techniques for dealing with intraoperative complications, increasing the surgeon’s awareness of potential complications and providing advice to avoid and treat these problems effectively and rapidly should they arise.

Knee -- Surgery -- Complications. --- Orthopedic surgery. --- Shoulder -- Surgery -- Complications. --- Sports injuries -- Treatment. --- Sports medicine. --- Knee --- Shoulder --- Sports injuries --- Sports medicine --- Orthopedic surgery --- Athletic Injuries --- Orthopedic Procedures --- Postoperative Complications --- Pathologic Processes --- Wounds and Injuries --- Upper Extremity --- Therapeutics --- Lower Extremity --- Surgical Procedures, Operative --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Extremities --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Diseases --- Body Regions --- Anatomy --- Surgery - General and By Type --- Surgery & Anesthesiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Complications --- Surgery --- Treatment --- Complications. --- Athletes --- Athletic injuries --- Sporting injuries --- Sports --- Genu --- Genus (Anatomy) --- Knee joint --- Wounds and injuries --- Accidents and injuries --- Medicine. --- Orthopedics. --- Surgery. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Surgical Orthopedics. --- Sports Medicine. --- Joints --- Leg --- Stifle joint --- Surgery, Primitive --- Medicine --- Athletic medicine --- Athletics --- Medicine and sports --- Physical education and training --- Sports sciences --- Operative orthopedics --- Orthopedics --- Surgery, Operative --- Orthopaedics --- Orthopedia --- Medical aspects

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Suspected vascular, peripheral nerve, and root nerve injuries present a particular challenge to any physician diagnosing and treating athletes. Injuries can range from "stingers" to effort vein thrombosis, and yet despite the common occurrence and potential severity of these and other conditions, little attention is paid to nerve and vascular injuries in sports medicine literature. This book is the first to gather experts in the field to fully address the complexity of neurovascular sports injuries. Nerve and Vascular Injuries in Sports Medicine takes a comprehensive look at anatomy, pathophysiology, examination and diagnosis of neurovascular sports injury, upper limb neurovascular syndrome, radicular and bracial plexus injury, and the lower extremity, including peripheral nerve injury. Illustrated throughout and dedicated to presenting the essential for managing nerve and vascular injuries, this book is an ideal resource for sports medicine physicians, athletic trainers, physical therapists, and all physicians who treat active patients.

Blood-vessels --Wounds and injuries --Diagnosis. --- Blood-vessels --Wounds and injuries --Treatment. --- Blood-vessels --Wounds and injuries. --- Emergency medicine. --- Family medicine. --- Medicine. --- Nervous system --Wounds and injuries --Diagnosis. --- Nervous system --Wounds and injuries --Treatment. --- Nervous system --- Blood-vessels --- Sports injuries --- Diagnosis --- Upper Extremity --- Peripheral Nerves --- Lower Extremity --- Trauma, Nervous System --- Extremities --- Sports Medicine --- Methods --- Athletes --- Blood Vessels --- Athletic Injuries --- Vascular Diseases --- Investigative Techniques --- Wounds and Injuries --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Persons --- Cardiovascular Diseases --- Nervous System Diseases --- Cardiovascular System --- Body Regions --- Medicine --- Peripheral Nervous System --- Named Groups --- Anatomy --- Diseases --- Nervous System --- Health Occupations --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Surgery - General and By Type --- Surgery & Anesthesiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Wounds and injuries --- Treatment --- Sports injuries. --- Sports medicine. --- Wounds and injuries. --- Athletic medicine --- Athletics --- Medicine and sports --- Physical education and training --- Sports --- Athletic injuries --- Sporting injuries --- Nerves --- Neurotrauma --- Neurotraumatology --- Angiology --- Vascular system --- Vasculature --- Medical aspects --- Accidents and injuries --- General practice (Medicine). --- Orthopedics. --- Primary care (Medicine). --- Physiotherapy. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Sports Medicine. --- Primary Care Medicine. --- General Practice / Family Medicine. --- Sports sciences --- Sports medicine --- Cardiovascular system --- Family practice (Medicine) --- General practice (Medicine) --- Physicians (General practice) --- Medicine, Emergency --- Critical care medicine --- Disaster medicine --- Medical emergencies --- Orthopaedics --- Orthopedia --- Surgery --- Primary medical care --- Medical care