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John Locke (1632-1704) one of the greatest English philosophers of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century, argued in his masterpiece, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, that our knowledge is founded in experience and reaches us principally through our senses; but its message has been curiously misunderstood. In this book John Dunn shows how Locke arrived at his theory of knowledge, and how his exposition of the liberal values of toleration and responsible government formed the backbone of enlightened European thought of the eighteenth century.
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John Locke als Begründer und Theoretiker des Empirismus und Liberalismus zu betrachten, ist gängig. Doch er hat in seinen unterschiedlichen Werken auch eine fein gegliederte Theorie der Ethik entwickelt, die man als Grundlage und Voraussetzung sowohl seiner Epistemologie als auch seiner politischen Theorie deuten kann. Diese Ethiktheorie, die Locke auf der Freiheit des Individuums und dem moralischen Gesetz als Vernunft aufbaut, ist auch für unsere Zeit grundlegend und bedeutsam. Ihre ursprünglichen Formulierungen werden in den Jugendschriften Lockes greifbar, verfasst 1660 bis 1662, veröffentlicht erst 1961. Diese Texte, die bislang wenig Beachtung gefunden haben, stehen im Zentrum der Studie.
Ethics, Modern --- Locke, John, --- Ethics --- Ethik
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The main assumption of this book is that Locke’s methaphysical considerations spread throughout his works build a coherent metaphysical theory about the essence of things. Contrary to prevalent opinions, Locke thereby proves to be a philosopher who not only criticised the metaphysical systems of the late scholasticism, but also advanced them in a very interesting way.
John Locke --- metaphysics --- essence --- identity --- philosophy of language
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Locke, Gary, --- United States. --- Officials and employees --- Selection and appointment.
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Philosophy. --- Philosophy --- Philosophy, English --- Zeitschrift --- Periodikum --- Zeitschriften --- Presse --- Fortlaufendes Sammelwerk --- English philosophy --- Philosophy, British --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Locke, John, --- Locke, John --- Locke, John. --- Locke, John, 1632-1704. --- Philanthropus, --- Lokk, Dzhon, --- Lūk, Jūn, --- Lo-kʻo, --- Locke, Giovanni, --- Lock, --- Lock, John, --- Rokku, Jon, --- Locke, Johann --- Locke, Johannes --- Locke, Jean --- Locke, Giovanni --- Locke --- Lock, John --- Lock, Johann --- Lock, Jean --- Lock --- Lockius, Johannes --- Lockius, Iohannes --- Lockius, Ioannes --- Lokkius, Johannes --- Loct, Johann --- Lokk, Džon --- Lokk, Dzhon --- Lokkius, Joh. --- Loke, Johann --- Lūk, Jūn --- Rokku, Jon --- Philanthropus --- P. A. P. O. I. L. A. --- Pacis Amico Persecutionis Osore Iohanne Locke Anglo --- Philosoph --- 1632-1704 --- 29.08.1632-28.10.1704 --- Philosophy, English. --- 1600-1699 --- Lokk, Džon --- Lūk, Jūn --- לוק, י׳ון, --- Philosophie anglaise --- Philosophie
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"As the first translation into any modern language of Achenwall's Ius naturae, from the 1763 edition used by Immanuel Kant, this open access book is an essential work for students and Kant scholars. For over twenty years, Kant used this book as the basis for his lectures on natural law. It has influenced his legal and political philosophy, as well as his ethics, and is indispensable for understanding Kant's Feyerabend Lectures on Natural Law and his Metaphysics of Morals. Achenwall's Ius naturae focuses on the fundamental principles of legal and political philosophy. It first discusses the natural rights and obligations pertaining to the relations of humans independently of their membership in particular communities, and then discusses those pertaining to the family, the state, and international relations. Articulating his theory with clear definitions, precise distinctions, and instructive comparisons with the work of Grotius, Hobbes, Pufendorf, Wolff, and others, Achenwall offers a lucid account that fits squarely in the natural law tradition. His handbook is of interest to scholars of natural law, social contract theory, and the history of political theory more generally. This is a complete English translation of both volumes of the 1763 edition. The volume also includes an Introduction by eminent Kant scholar Paul Guyer, comparing Achenwall's theory to the legal and political philosophy of Kant's Doctrine of Right. Moreover, the volume features a concordance correlating the Ius naturae to Kant's Feyerabend Lectures on Natural Law."--
Natural law --- Western philosophy: c 1600 to c 1900. --- Social & political philosophy. --- Immanuel Kant --- natural law --- Achenwall --- Hobbes --- Christian Wolff --- political thought --- Rousseau --- Locke
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The enduring appeal of liberalism lies in its commitment to the idea that human beings have a "natural" potential to live as free and equal individuals. The realization of this potential, however, is not a matter of nature, but requires that people be molded by a complex constellation of political and educational institutions. In this eloquent and provocative book, Uday Singh Mehta investigates in the major writings of John Locke the implications of this tension between individuals and the institutions that mold them. The process of molding, he demonstrates, involves an external conformity and an internal self-restraint that severely limit the scope of individuality.Mehta explores the centrality of the human imagination in Locke's thought, focusing on his obsession with the potential dangers of the cognitive realm. Underlying Locke's fears regarding the excesses of the imagination is a political anxiety concerning how to limit their potential effects. In light of Locke's views on education, Mehta concludes that the promise of liberation at the heart of liberalism is vitiated by its constraints on cognitive and political freedom.
Authority --- Autorité --- Freedom --- Freedom [Political ] --- Gezag --- Imagination --- Individualiteit --- Individuality --- Individualité --- Liberty --- Liberté --- Political freedom --- Verbeelding --- Vrijheid --- Civil liberty --- Emancipation --- Liberation --- Personal liberty --- Democracy --- Natural law --- Political science --- Equality --- Libertarianism --- Social control --- Psychology --- Conformity --- Identity (Psychology) --- Likes and dislikes --- Personality --- Self --- Imagery, Mental --- Images, Mental --- Mental imagery --- Mental images --- Educational psychology --- Intellect --- Reproduction (Psychology) --- Authoritarianism --- Consensus (Social sciences) --- Locke, John, --- Locke, John --- Liberty. --- Authority. --- Imagination. --- Individuality. --- Contributions in political science --- Political science & theory
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How modern philosophers use and perpetuate myths about prehistory.
The state of nature, the origin of property, the origin of government, the primordial nature of inequality and war - why do political philosophers talk so much about the Stone Age? And are they talking about a Stone Age that really happened, or is it just a convenient thought experiment to illustrate their points?
Karl Widerquist and Grant S. McCall take a philosophical look at the origin of civilisation, examining political theories to show how claims about prehistory are used. Drawing on the best available evidence from archaeology and anthropology, they show that much of what we think we know about human origins comes from philosophers' imagination, not scientific investigation.
Key FeaturesPolitical science --- History, Ancient --- History --- Philosophy. --- Errors, inventions, etc. --- Political philosophy --- Common fallacies --- Literary forgeries and mystifications --- Imaginary histories --- Ancient history --- Ancient world history --- World history --- Science politique --- Histoire ancienne --- Histoire --- Philosophie --- Erreurs, inventions, etc. --- Political Science --- State of nature --- property rights --- appropriation --- social contract theory --- state authority --- inequality --- equality --- origin of government --- Anthropology --- Hunter-gatherer --- John Locke --- Stateless society --- Thomas Hobbes
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The first comprehensive analysis of Rousseau's political philosophy for a generation, this timely book rejects the authoritarian reading of Rousseau and establishes him as an anti-revolutionary closer to Burke than to Robespierre.
Political science -- France -- History -- 18th century. --- Political science. --- Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 1712-1778. --- Social contract. --- Political science --- Political Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Political Theory of the State --- Philosophy --- History --- Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, --- Political and social views. --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Influence. --- Rouseau, Jan Jakub, --- Russo, Zhan Zhak, --- Rousseau, John James, --- Rūssū, Jān Jāk, --- Lu-so, --- Ru-xô, Giăng-Giá̆c, --- Rousseau, Jean Jaques, --- Rousseau, Jean Jeacques, --- Rousseau, J. J. --- Rusō, Jan Jakku, --- Rousseau, Gian Giacomo, --- Ruso, Z'an Z'aḳ, --- Rūcō, --- Citoyen de Genève, --- Citizen of Geneva, --- Roussō, --- Rousseau, --- Rūssō, --- Rousseau, Johann Jacob, --- Руссо, Жан-Жак, --- רוסא, זשאן־זשאק --- רוסא, י׳ן י׳ק, --- רוסו, זאאן זאאק, --- רוסו, ז׳אן־ז׳אק, --- روسو، چان چاك --- روسو، ژان ژاك --- 卢梭, --- Rousseau, Juan Jacobo, --- Rousseau, G. G. --- Ruso, Jan Jak, --- Rūsaw, Zhān Zhāk, --- Rūsū, Zhān Zhāk, --- Rousseau, Jean-Jacques --- france --- revolution --- french --- rousseau --- Jean-Jacques Rousseau --- Nationalism --- Political philosophy --- Thomas Hobbes --- Philosophy. --- French Revolution. --- Jean-Jacques Rousseau. --- Locke. --- Madison. --- Montesquieu. --- Social Contract. --- conservative. --- constitutionalist. --- political science. --- revolutionaries.
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