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This work reconsiders debates about historical memory from the perspective of the theory of emotions. Its main claim is that the demise of the Spanish empire in 1898 spurred a number of contradictory emotional responses, ranging from mourning and melancholia to indignation, pride, and shame. It shows how intellectuals sought to reimagine a post-Empire Spain by drawing on myth and employing a predominantly emotional register.

Collective memory --- Collective remembrance --- Common memory --- Cultural memory --- Emblematic memory --- Historical memory --- National memory --- Public memory --- Social memory --- Memory --- Social psychology --- Group identity --- National characteristics --- Spain --- History --- History of Spain --- anno 1800-1999 --- Spanish literature --- History and criticism.

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Civilization. --- 711-1516 --- Spain --- Spain. --- Civilization --- History --- Barbarism --- Civilisation --- Espanja --- Spanien --- Hiszpania --- Spanish State --- España --- Estado Español --- Espagne --- Hispania --- Sefarad --- Sepharad --- Shpanye --- Shpanie --- Reino de España --- Kingdom of Spain --- Reino d'Espanya --- Reinu d'España --- Espainiako Erresuma --- Regne d'Espanya --- Reiaume d'Espanha --- Espanya --- Espanha --- スペイン --- Supein --- イスパニア --- Isupania --- medievalism --- middle ages --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Culture --- History of Spain --- History of Europe --- anno 500-1499

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Julián Romero, Sancho Dávila, Cristóbal de Mondragón, and Francisco de Valdes were prominent Spanish military commanders during the first decade of the Revolt in the Low Countries (1567-1577). Occupying key positions in this conflict, they featured as central characters in various war narratives and episodical descriptions of the events they were involved in, ranging from chronicles, poems, theatre plays, engravings, and songs to news pamphlets. To this day, they still figure as protagonists of historical novels: brave heroes in some, cruel oppressors in others. Yet personal, first-hand accounts also exist. Archival research into the letters written by these commanders now makes it possible to include their perspectives and the way they describe their own experiences. Looking through the eyes of four Spanish commanders, 'Protagonists of War' provides the reader with an alternative reading of the Revolt, contrasting the subjective experiences of these protagonists with fictionalised perceptions.

History of Spain --- History of the Low Countries --- anno 1500-1599 --- Generals --- Romero, Julián, --- Avila, Sancho de, --- Mondragón, Cristóbal de, --- Valdés, Francisco de, --- Netherlands --- History --- 1568-1648 (Guerre de quatre-vingts ans) --- Généraux. --- Romero, Julián --- Dávila, Sancho --- Mondragon, Cristobal de --- Valdès, Francisco --- Pays-Bas --- Généraux. --- Romero, Julián --- Dávila, Sancho --- Valdès, Francisco --- HISTORY / Europe / Western --- Valdes, Francisco de,

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"Está orientada fundamentalmente hacia la filología hispánica y, en menor medida, hacia la historia moderna, dentro de las márgenes del período Barroco, sea en España o Hispanoamérica."

Spanish literature --- Baroque literature --- Spanish philology --- Baroque literature. --- Spanish literature. --- Spanish philology. --- History and criticism --- Classical period. --- 1500-1700 --- Spain --- Latin America --- Latin America. --- Spain. --- History --- Literature, Baroque --- Classical Period --- Early Modern Period --- Espanja --- Spanien --- Hiszpania --- Spanish State --- España --- Estado Español --- Espagne --- Hispania --- Sefarad --- Sepharad --- Shpanye --- Shpanie --- Reino de España --- Kingdom of Spain --- Asociación Latinoamericana de Libre Comercio countries --- Neotropical region --- Neotropics --- New World tropics --- Spanish America --- modern history --- baroque --- Reino d'Espanya --- Reinu d'España --- Espainiako Erresuma --- Regne d'Espanya --- Reiaume d'Espanha --- Espanya --- Espanha --- スペイン --- Supein --- イスパニア --- Isupania --- European literature --- spanish literature --- French literature --- Italian literature --- Portuguese literature --- History of Spain --- 1500-1700.

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Comunidad, pertenencia, extranjería' reveals the central role played by labour and mercantile migration from the North Sea region in the Viceroyalty of New Spain during a critical period in the formation of colonial societies. Far from being a marginal migration, as has been believed until now, the presence of northern migrants was strategic for the expansion and maintenance of the Hispanic monarchy due to their contribution of labour, technological knowledge, commercial networks, and transnational capital. From the cross-sectional analysis of the impact of this migration on the society, politics, and economy of New Spain, this work shows how it is impossible to tell the story of the Spanish empire without taking into account the role that non-Spanish Europeans played in its formation and evolution.

325 --- 972 --- Labor mobility --- 972 Geschiedenis van Mexico --- Geschiedenis van Mexico --- 325 Landverhuizing. Kolonisatie. Immigratie. Emigratie --(politiek)--EU --- Landverhuizing. Kolonisatie. Immigratie. Emigratie --(politiek)--EU --- Mobility, Labor --- Migration, Internal --- Labor supply --- Labor turnover --- New Spain --- Emigration and immigration. --- History. --- European history --- Migration, immigration & emigration --- Migración;extranjeros;Nueva España;Países Bajos;Alemania;pertenencia;mercaderes;migrantes laborales;metalurgia;edad moderna; Migration;foreigners;New Spain;Netherlands;Germany;belonging;merchants;labor migrants;metallurgy;modern age --- Colonisation. Decolonisation --- History of Spain --- History of the Low Countries --- History of Latin America --- anno 1500-1599 --- anno 1600-1699 --- New Spain. --- Mexico (Viceroyalty) --- Nueva España