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The purpose of this work is to provide a critical presentation and some extensions of two perspectives of informational efficiency: On the one hand the neoclassical perspective or «arithmomorphic approach» explains efficiency in terms of a concept mainly based on an explicit economic theory. On the other hand, in the Austrian perspective or «causal genetic approach» attention is drawn to the entrepreneurial element of human decision making related to an arbitrage theory of profit which is not traced back to anonymous market forces but rather to incessant discovery of information guided by entrepreneurial alertness.

Economic theory & philosophy --- Behavioural economics --- Efficiency --- Geiger --- Hans --- INFORM --- Informational --- Investigation --- Markets --- Michael --- Speculative --- Theoretical --- Economics --- Psychological aspects. --- Behavioral economics

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"It is fashionable to criticize economic theory for focusing too much on rationality and ignoring the imperfect and emotional way in which real economic decisions are reached. All of us facing the global economic crisis wonder just how rational economic men and women can be. Behavioral economics — an effort to incorporate psychological ideas into economics — has become all the rage.This book by well-known economist David K. Levine questions the idea that behavioral economics is the answer to economic problems. It explores the successes and failures of contemporary economics both inside and outside the laboratory. It then asks whether popular behavioral theories of psychological biases are solutions to the failures. It not only provides an overview of popular behavioral theories and their history, but also gives the reader the tools for scrutinizing them. Levine's book is essential reading for students and teachers of economic theory and anyone interested in the psychology of economics."--Publisher's website.

Economics -- Psychological aspects. --- Economics --- Psychological aspects. --- Behavioral economics --- Behavioural economics --- Psychological aspects --- E-books --- Economic models --- Economic theory --- Game theory --- Microeconomics --- Psychology --- Rationality

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How do people choose from the many possibilities they face every day? In this book, prominent Dutch scientists from various disciplines provide a clear overview of the most recent knowledge about human choice behaviour. In doing so, they elaborate on the great influence of the environment and the role of the unconscious. In addition, the latest insights from neurobiology are discussed. This book is intended for anyone who is concerned with human choice behaviour and the question of how this can be influenced. For example, how can people be seduced into a healthier lifestyle? To energy-saving behaviour? To sensible financial planning? The scientists in this collection offer new and promising perspectives for answers to these types of questions.

Economics --- Social choice --- Social psychology --- Psychological aspects. --- Mass psychology --- Psychology, Social --- Human ecology --- Psychology --- Social groups --- Sociology --- Choice, Social --- Collective choice --- Public choice --- Choice (Psychology) --- Welfare economics --- Behavioral economics --- Behavioural economics --- public administration --- bestuurskunde --- political science --- politicologie

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This open access book looks at how a democracy can devolve into a post-factual state. The media is being flooded by populist narratives, fake news, conspiracy theories and make-believe. Misinformation is turning into a challenge for all of us, whether politicians, journalists, or citizens. In the age of information, attention is a prime asset and may be converted into money, power, and influence – sometimes at the cost of facts. The point is to obtain exposure on the air and in print media, and to generate traffic on social media platforms. With information in abundance and attention scarce, the competition is ever fiercer with truth all too often becoming the first victim. Reality Lost: Markets of Attention, Misinformation and Manipulation is an analysis by philosophers Vincent F. Hendricks and Mads Vestergaard of the nuts and bolts of the information market, the attention economy and media eco-system which may pave way to postfactual democracy. Here misleading narratives become the basis for political opinion formation, debate, and legislation. To curb this development and the threat it poses to democratic deliberation, political self-determination and freedom, it is necessary that we first grasp the mechanisms and structural conditions that cause it. .

Internet marketing. --- Digital media. --- Philosophy. --- Behavioral economics. --- Online Marketing/Social Media. --- Digital/New Media. --- Philosophy of Technology. --- Behavioral/Experimental Economics. --- Behavioral economics --- Behavioural economics --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Electronic media --- New media (Digital media) --- Mass media --- Digital communications --- Online journalism --- Online marketing --- Web marketing --- World Wide Web marketing --- Electronic commerce --- Marketing --- Misinformation --- Attention Economics --- Donald Trump --- Social Media --- Populism --- Information Age --- Digital Authority --- Information --- Conspiracy Theory --- Democracy --- Politics --- Philosophy --- Digitial Slavery

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This book is published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. Predicting the time needed to complete a project, task or daily activity can be difficult and people frequently underestimate how long an activity will take. This book sheds light on why and when this happens, what we should do to avoid it and how to give more realistic time predictions. It describes methods for predicting time usage in situations with high uncertainty, explains why two plus two is usually more than four in time prediction contexts, reports on research on time prediction biases, and summarizes the evidence in support of different time prediction methods and principles. Based on a comprehensive review of the research, it is the first book summarizing what we know about judgment-based time predictions. Large parts of the book are directed toward people wishing to achieve better time predictions in their professional life, such as project managers, graphic designers, architects, engineers, film producers, consultants, software developers, or anyone else in need of realistic time usage predictions. It is also of benefit to those with a general interest in judgment and decision-making or those who want to improve their ability to predict and plan ahead in daily life.

Earth Sciences. --- Earth System Sciences. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- Geography. --- Géographie --- Geography --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Physical Geography --- Climatic changes --- Changes, Climatic --- Climate change --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Environmental aspects --- Earth sciences. --- Physical geography. --- Atmospheric sciences. --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Changes in climate --- Climate change science --- Sciences --- Baltic sea --- Atmospheric sciences --- Earth sciences --- Atmosphere --- Natural science --- Science of science --- Baltiĭskoe more --- Baltiskoye more --- Baltiyskoye more --- East Sea (Europe) --- Mare Suevicum --- Ostsee (Europe) --- Natural sciences --- Behavioral/Experimental Economics --- Human Resource Management --- Project Management --- Software Management --- Behavioral Economics --- Management --- IT in Business --- time predictions --- human judgement --- overoptimism --- uncertainty --- open acces --- Behavioural economics --- Personnel & human resources management --- Business mathematics & systems --- Business applications --- Behavioral economics. --- Personnel management. --- Project management. --- Management information systems. --- Behavioral/Experimental Economics. --- Human Resource Management. --- Project Management. --- Software Management.