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This book is open access under a CC BY-NC-ND license. This book addresses the issue of how a country, which was incorporated into the world economy as a periphery, could make a transition to the emerging state, capable of undertaking the task of economic development and industrialization. It offers historical and contemporary case studies of transition, as well as the international background under which such a transition was successfully made (or delayed), by combining the approaches of economic history and development economics. Its aim is to identify relevant historical contexts, that is, the ‘initial conditions’ and internal and external forces which governed the transition. It also aims to understand what current low-income developing countries require for their transition. Three economic driving forces for the transition are identified. They are: (1) labor-intensive industrialization, which offers ample employment opportunities for labor force; (2) international trade, which facilitates efficient international division of labor; and (3) agricultural development, which improves food security by increasing supply of staple foods. The book presents a bold account of each driver for the transition. Keijiro Otsuka is Professor of Economics, Kobe University and Kaoru Sugihara is Specially Appointed Professor of the Research Institute for Humanity and Nature. .

Economic history. --- Development economics. --- Asia-Economic conditions. --- China-History. --- Asia-History. --- Southeast Asia-History. --- Economic History. --- Development Economics. --- Asian Economics. --- History of China. --- History of South Asia. --- History of Southeast Asia. --- Economics --- Economic development --- Economic conditions --- History, Economic --- Asia—Economic conditions. --- China—History. --- Asia—History. --- Southeast Asia—History. --- Asia --- China --- Southeast Asia --- Economic conditions. --- History. --- Management science --- Economic history --- Development economics --- Asia—Economic conditions --- China—History --- Asia—History --- Southeast Asia—History

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This open access book asks why and how some of the developing countries have “emerged” under a set of similar global conditions, what led individual countries to choose the particular paths that led to their “emergence,” and what challenges confront them. If we are to understand the nature of major risks and uncertainties in the world, we must look squarely at the political and economic dynamics of emerging states, such as China, India, Brazil, Russia, and ASEAN countries. Their rapid economic development has changed the distribution of wealth and power in the world. Yet many of them have middle income status. To global governance issues, they tend to adopt approaches that differ from those of advanced industrialized democracies. At home, rapid economic growth and social changes put pressure on their institutions to change. This volume traces the historical trajectories of two major emerging states, China and India, and two city states, Hong Kong and Singapore. It also analyzes cross-country data to find the general patterns of economic development and sociopolitical change in relation to globalization and to the middle income trap.

Economic policy. --- Development economics. --- China-History. --- Asia-History. --- Political science. --- Political economy. --- Economic Policy. --- Development Economics. --- History of China. --- History of South Asia. --- Governance and Government. --- International Political Economy. --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- State, The --- Economics --- Economic development --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- China --- Asia --- History. --- China—History. --- Asia—History. --- Management science --- Economic policy --- Development economics --- China—History --- Asia—History --- Political science --- International economic relations. --- International Political Economy’.

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This volume surveys the 'Syriac world', the culture that grew up among the Syriac-speaking communities from the second century CE and which continues to exist and flourish today, both in its original homeland of Syria and Mesopotamia, and in the worldwide diaspora of Syriac-speaking communities. The five sections examine the religion; the material, visual, and literary cultures; the history and social structures of this diverse community; and Syriac interactions with their neighbours ancient and modern. There are also detailed appendices detailing the patriarchs of the different Syriac denominations, and another appendix listing useful online resources for students. The Syriac World offers the first complete survey of Syriac culture and fills a significant gap in modern scholarship. This volume will be an invaluable resource to undergraduate and postgraduate students of Syriac and Middle Eastern culture from antiquity to the modern era.

Syriac Christians --- Syriac literature --- Syrian language --- Syrians --- History. --- History and criticism. --- Civlization. --- History --- Syria --- Languages. --- Syriac language --- Semitic languages, Northwest --- Aramaic language --- Syrian Christians --- Christians --- Ethnology --- Civilization --- History and criticism --- Civilization. --- Civlization --- 939.4 --- 939.4 Geschiedenis van Syrië --- Geschiedenis van Syrië --- Syrians - Asia - History --- Syrians - Civlization --- Syriac Christians - History --- Syrian language - History --- Syriac literature - History and criticism --- Syriac medicine

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This is the first scholarly study in which the production, trade and political effects of opium and its derivatives are shown over many centuries, and in many countries (China, India, Indonesia, Japan, all Southeast Asian countries and some in Europe and the Americas). Starting in the 16th century, slavery and opium became the two means with which the bodies and souls of men and women in the tropics were exploited in western imperialism and colonialism. The first waned with the abolition movement in the 19th century, but opium production and trade continued to spread, with the associated serious social and political effects. Around 1670 the Dutch introduced opium as a cash crop for mass production and distribution in India and Indonesia. China became the main target in the 19th century, and only succeeded in getting rid of the opium problem around 1950. Then it had already been transformed from an “Eastern” into a “Western” problem.

East and West. --- Imperialism -- Social aspects. --- Opium abuse -- Asia -- History. --- Opium trade -- Asia -- History. --- Opium abuse --- Opium trade --- East and West --- Imperialism --- History --- Plant Extracts --- History, Early Modern 1451-1600 --- Substance-Related Disorders --- Humanities --- Plant Preparations --- Diseases --- Mental Disorders --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Biological Products --- Complex Mixtures --- Chemicals and Drugs --- History, Modern 1601 --- -Opioid-Related Disorders --- History, 16th Century --- Opium --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- Social Sciences --- Substance Abuse --- Social aspects --- History. --- Social aspects. --- Colonialism --- Empires --- Expansion (United States politics) --- Neocolonialism --- Civilization, Western --- Civilization, Oriental --- Occident and Orient --- Orient and Occident --- West and East --- Opium industry --- Opium addiction --- Opium habit --- Asian influences --- Oriental influences --- Western influences --- Political science --- Anti-imperialist movements --- Caesarism --- Chauvinism and jingoism --- Militarism --- Eastern question --- Drug traffic --- Drug abuse --- E-books --- BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Infrastructure. --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / General. --- Opium poppy industry

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Water, in its many guises, has always played a powerful role in shaping Southeast Asian histories, cultures, societies and economies. This volume, the rewritten results of an international workshop, with participants from eight countries, contains thirteen essays, representing a broad range of approaches to the study of Southeast Asia with water as the central theme. As it was exposed to the sea, the region was more accessible to outside political, economic and cultural influences than many landlocked areas. Easy access through sea routes also stimulated trade from an early age. However, the same easy access made Southeast Asia vulnerable to political control by strong outsiders. The sea is, moreover, a source of food, but also of many hazards. At the same time, Southeast Asian societies and cultures are confronted with and permeated by 'water from heaven' in the form of rain, flash floods, irrigation water, water in rivers, brooks and swaps, water-driven power plants, and pumped or piped water, in addition to water as a carrier of sewage and pollution. Finally, the volume deals with the role of water in classification systems, beliefs, myths, illness and healing. Full Text (Open Access)

Ecohydrology -- Southeast Asia -- History. --- Water -- Pollution -- Southeast Asia. --- Water -- Social aspects -- Southeast Asia. --- Water in agriculture -- Southeast Asia. --- Ecohydrology --- Water --- Water in agriculture --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Ecology --- History --- Social aspects --- Pollution --- History. --- Eco-hydrology --- Hydrology --- Agriculture --- Water-supply, Agricultural --- Water-supply, Rural --- Aquatic ecology --- Ecohydrology. --- Water in agriculture. --- Pollution. --- Social aspects. --- Southeast Asia. --- Aquatic pollution --- Fresh water --- Freshwater pollution --- Inland water pollution --- Lake pollution --- Lakes --- Reservoirs --- River pollution --- Rivers --- Stream pollution --- Water contamination --- Water pollutants --- Waste disposal in rivers, lakes, etc. --- Asia, Southeast --- Asia, Southeastern --- South East Asia --- Southeastern Asia --- rain --- fishery --- regen --- geschiedenis --- indonesie --- ziektes --- zee --- visserij --- philippines --- history --- indonesia --- piraterij --- cosmologie --- southeast asia --- water irrigatie systemen --- philipijnen --- watervoorraad --- rivieren --- malaysia --- water supply --- rivers --- cosmology --- piracy --- sea --- water pollution --- water --- water irrigation systems --- diseases --- maleisie --- watervervuiling --- Indonesia --- Irrigation --- Southeast Asia