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Die in sumerischer Sprache verfassten Rangstreitgespräche stellen die ältesten Beispiele einer Literaturform dar, die sich bis ins Mittelalter hinein großer Beliebtheit erfreute. Bisher sind uns acht sumerische Rangstreitgespräche bekannt. In ihnen tragen jeweils zwei gegensätzliche, personifizierte Werte des täglichen Lebens (Objekte, Pflanzen, Tiere oder Menschen) einen verbalen Wettstreit aus, dessen Zweck es ist, den Ranghöheren von beiden auszumachen. Die Rangstreitgespräche sind uns aus dem Kontext der Schreiberausbildung überliefert. Die Dialogstruktur der Texte kombiniert mit der Absicht der Gegner sich gegenseitig zu übertrumpfen, legt nahe, dass sie dem Erwerb rednerischer Kompetenz dienten. Sie stellen deshalb einen idealen Ausgangspunkt zur Erforschung der rednerischen Praxis im Alten Orient dar. Den Kern der Arbeit bildet die rhetorische Untersuchung dreier Rangstreitgespräche. Das Hauptgewicht liegt hierbei auf der Analyse der Dialogstruktur. Ziel ist es, die von den Sprechern verwendeten Argumentationstechniken herauszuarbeiten und zu benennen und deren Einsatz durch die beiden Kontrahenten zu beschreiben. Eight disputations on precedence have been preserved from Ancient Mesopotamia. In these texts, two opposing understandings of everyday life engage in a verbal argument. The works served at one time to teach oratorical competency to individuals receiving advanced literacy training. This volume examines the argumentation structure of the dialogues, thereby contributing to research on oratorical practice in the Ancient Middle East.

Sumerian language --- Oratory, Ancient --- Texts --- Middle Eastern history --- Ancient religions & mythologies --- Sumerian literature --- Debates and debating --- Dialogue. --- History and criticism. --- History. --- Dialog --- Drama --- Argumentation --- Speaking --- Elocution --- Forensics (Public speaking) --- Public speaking --- Rhetoric --- Discussion --- Oratory --- Precedence debates. --- Sumerian. --- argumentation. --- elocution.

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The poetics of incitement—a poetics found in texts originating in the West containing themes and representations of Islam hurtful to Muslims—became a “accepted, mainstream, and profitable genre of textual production” in the West. Raja’s book urges a cosmopolitan mode of reading for metropolitan readers, one that permits Western readers to transcend local reading practices in order to, as best as one can, read from the point of view of the Other. The book also offers a critique of and intervenes in the debate between unbridled adherence to the absolute value of the right to free speech and the right of the reader to respond. All too often texts of the poetics of incitement are read from a universal, Western perspective by metropolitan academics, students, and the masses, without much thought given to how a Muslim reader. To remedy this, Raja offers and theorizes “democratic reading practices” as “a mode of training our students that emphasizes that engagement with texts is never really unmotivated.” Becoming democratic readers, Raja argues, gives teachers and students a way, though impossible to completely perfect, of reading from the point of view of the Other. In doing so, Raja provides a genealogy of the Muslim Sacred thereby giving readers an overview of the history and specific knowledge that constitutes an average Muslim reader of these texts. Raja offers a form of critical practice that takes into account the specific modes of reading and practice of experiencing literary texts as informed by Islamic metaphysics, a way toward a cosmopolitan practice of reading.

Islamic literature --- Reading --- Poetics. --- History and criticism. --- Islamic countries. --- Poetry --- Language arts --- Elocution --- Technique --- Study and teaching --- Muslim countries

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The changing state of reading and its fate in the digitalised world is one of the core issues in the contemporary debates about the future of culture. The central position of the printed word, and primarily, books as the most valuable cultural medium and the main source of knowledge, are becoming questioned in the age of the Internet. Reading as gateway to the world of fantasies has been challenged by powerful audiovisual media. Is the pleasure of reading as a creative process involving imagination and self-cognition disappearing, and being replaced by the quick exchange of impressions and images in social media? Are these critical notes and concerns about the future of reading just rapid generalisations and misunderstandings, evoked by the invasion of new technologies in the old and well-established world of books? The articles gathered here represent empirical studies, theoretical and historical reflections on the changes in the world of books and reading in the Baltic and Nordic countries, as well as descriptions of the new library practices that reflect the creative efforts to adapt to the changing social and technological environment.

Information theory. --- Reading. --- Reading --- Language arts --- Elocution --- Communication theory --- Communication --- Cybernetics --- Study and teaching --- digital era --- library practices --- readers --- book consumption --- books --- reading policies --- reading preferences --- printed word --- reading --- E-book --- Estonia --- Finland --- Internet --- Public library --- Sweden

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With updated acoustical measures of voice profiles (phonetograms, the audiogram of the voice) and the fundamental frequency of the tone range, new standards have been reached . In particular, the comparison to normal pediatric and hormonal development highlights the statistical scientific validity of voice parameters. The relation to hormones and the predictive values for voice development open new and interesting perspectives for experts. This book offers valuable insight into acoustical, physiological and biological measures that compare boys and girls and are based on prospective and stratified studies.

Voice. --- Voice disorders in children. --- Voice, Change of. --- Change of voice --- Puberty --- Pediatric otolaryngology --- Speech disorders in children --- Speaking --- Human sounds --- Language and languages --- Music --- Throat --- Diaphragm --- Elocution --- Larynx --- Phonetics --- Speech --- Physiological aspects --- Otorhinolaryngology. --- Life sciences. --- Pediatrics. --- Life Sciences, general. --- Paediatrics --- Pediatric medicine --- Medicine --- Children --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Ear, nose, and throat diseases --- ENT diseases --- Otorhinolaryngology --- Diseases --- Health and hygiene

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Gestures are ubiquitous and natural in our everyday life. They convey information about culture, discourse, thought, intentionality, emotion, intersubjectivity, cognition, and first and second language acquisition. Additionally, they are used by non-human primates to communicate with their peers and with humans. Consequently, the modern field of gesture studies has attracted researchers from a number of different disciplines such as anthropology, cognitive science, communication, neuroscience, psycholinguistics, primatology, psychology, robotics, sociology and semiotics. This volume presents a

#KVHA:Taalkunde --- #KVHA:Meertalige communicatie --- #KVHA:Lichaamstaal --- #KVHA:Gebaren --- Semiotics --- Psycholinguistics --- Language and languages --- Gesture. --- Second language acquisition. --- Study and teaching. --- Second language learning --- Language acquisition --- Mudra --- Acting --- Body language --- Elocution --- Movement (Acting) --- Oratory --- Sign language --- Foreign language study --- Language and education --- Language schools --- Language and languages Study and teaching --- Study and teaching --- Linguistics --- Deixis --- Intersubjectivity