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This open access book contributes to thriving debates in academic as well as professional circles about the role of civil society in shrinking civic spaces, rising authoritarianism and right-wing populism, conflicts, fragile states, and most lately, the global COVID-19 pandemic. This is one of the first books to address the implications of changing civic spaces for civil society organizations worldwide. It offers a unique overview of how social movements and civil society groups in very different settings are responding to state-imposed restrictions of basic civic freedoms. The authors are all experts in the field, and their analyses are based on original and onsite research. This unique book also contributes to a better understanding of the conceptualizations and practices of civil society. It is of keen interest to academic scholars, students, civil society practitioners, and policy makers in the field of international development research and civil society action. Kees Biekart is Associate Professor at the International Institute of Social Studies (ISS) of Erasmus University (The Netherlands). He focuses on social movements, NGOs, civil society, civic-driven change, and participatory action research. Tiina Kontinen is Associate Professor in International Development Studies at the University of Jyvskyl (Finland), where she leads a research group on Citizenship and Civil Society in Development. She has published on civil society, NGOs, and North-South partnership and has led various projects with global research teams. Marianne Millstein is Senior Researcher at the Norwegian Institute of Urban and Regional Research (NIBR), Oslo Metropolitan University (Norway). She has published on urban politics, governance and planning, civil society, and citizenship. Medizinische Behandlungen können oftmals nicht an einem einzigen Behandlungstermin abgeschlossen werden. Die Behandlung findet daher meist an mehreren Terminen statt. Es kommt somit zu zeitlichen Unterbrechungen bei der Behandlung. Dies ist etwa der Fall, wenn ein Patient zu einer oder mehreren Kontrolluntersuchungen erscheinen muss oder Befunde nach einem Behandlungstermin ausgewertet werden. Diese zeitliche Zäsur kann Gesundheitsschäden beim Patienten verursachen. Sie hat in der Vergangenheit bereits zu Arzthaftungsprozessen geführt. In dieser Untersuchung werden Informationspflichten beleuchtet, die den Arzt bei einer zeitlichen Zäsur treffen. Die einschlägige Rechtsprechung wird ausgewertet. Daneben werden auch Fragen des ärztlichen Berufsrechts und des Patientenmitverschuldens erörtert. In einem gesonderten Kapitel werden prozessuale Fragen untersucht. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass den Arzt bei einer zeitlichen Zäsur besondere Aufklärungspflichten treffen. Pflichtverletzungen können zu einer Beweislastumkehr zugunsten des Patienten führen. Den Patienten kann unter Umständen ein Mitverschulden treffen.

Medical laws and legislation --- Medical appointments and schedules

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The global, 24/7 economy and the organizational changes it has generated have enormous implications for the organization, experience and use of time in (and out of) the workplace. In addition to eroding the boundary between home and work, creating time pressures both within and outside of the workplace, the need for businesses to compete in a 24/7 global economy has re-problematized time in the workplace. Drawing on sociology, labor economics, organizational behavior and social history, the papers in this volume examine either empirically or theoretically, a variety of aspects of time in the workplace. Contributors to this volume examine issues surrounding the distribution of and struggle over work hours and how these vary across a number of factors including race, class, occupation and other structural components of work. They examine temporal structures within organizations including inequities in flexible scheduling, entrainment and work teams, polychronicity, and how changing temporal structures affect professionalism and expertise. They also consider the way in which changing uses and organization of work time, in the context of economic instability and globalization, affect the difficulties of reconciling work and family. At the more micro-level, the papers consider individuals' perceptions and constructions and intersubjective constructions of time. To varying degrees, the authors speak to the policy implications or strategies for managing new times. Taken as a whole, these papers shed light on the way in which globalization and the emergence of a 24/7 economy have altered the ways, times, and meanings of time at work. This book series is available electronically online.

Hours of labor. --- Work --- Alternative work schedules --- Children --- Labor, Hours of --- Work hours --- Work schedules --- Working-day --- Working hours --- Labor productivity --- Labor time --- Timekeeping --- Weekly rest-day --- Social aspects. --- Hours of labor --- Sociology: work & labour. --- Social Science --- Sociology --- General.

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One of the hottest topics in computer forensics today, electronic discovery (e-discovery) is the process by which parties involved in litigation respond to requests to produce electronically stored information (ESI). According to the 2007 Socha-Gelbmann Electronic Discovery Survey, it is now a 2 billion industry, a 60% increase from 2004, projected to double by 2009. The core reason for the explosion of e-discovery is sheer volume; evidence is digital and 75% of modern day lawsuits entail e-discovery.A recent survey reports that U.S. companies face an average of 305 pending lawsuits i

Electronic discovery (Law) --- Records --- Records retention. --- Management --- Data processing. --- Record retention schedules --- Retaining records --- Retention of records --- Appraisal of archival materials

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Workers in the United States are losing sleep. In the global economy a growing number of employees hold jobs—often more than one at once—with unpredictable hours. Even before the rise of the twenty-four-hour workplace, the relationship between sleep and industry was problematic: sleep is frequently cast as an enemy or a weakness, while constant productivity and flexibility are glorified at the expense of health and safety. Dangerously Sleepy is the first book to track the longtime association of overwork and sleep deprivation from the nineteenth century to the present. Health and labor historian Alan Derickson charts the cultural and political forces behind the overvaluation—and masculinization—of wakefulness in the United States. Since the nineteenth century, men at all levels of society have toiled around the clock by necessity: steel workers coped with rotating shifts, Pullman porters grappled with ever-changing timetables and unrelenting on-call status, and long-haul truckers dealt with chaotic life on the road. But the dangerous realities of exhaustion were minimized and even glamorized when the entrepreneurial drive of public figures such as Thomas Edison and Donald Trump encouraged American men to deny biological need in the name of success. For workers, resisting sleep became a challenge of masculine strength. This lucid history of the wakeful work ethic suggests that for millions of American men and women, untenable work schedules have been the main factor leading to sleep loss, newer ailments such as shift work sleep disorder, and related morbidity and mortality. Dangerously Sleepy places these public health problems in historical context.

Hours of labor. --- Shift systems. --- Shift work --- Shiftwork --- Work shifts --- Hours of labor --- Industrial management --- Night work --- Alternative work schedules --- Children --- Labor, Hours of --- Work hours --- Work schedules --- Working-day --- Working hours --- Work --- Labor productivity --- Labor time --- Timekeeping --- Weekly rest-day --- American History. --- American Studies. --- Gender Studies. --- Women's Studies.

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Gender equality in the labour market is a key topic in the Nordic cooperation on gender equality. The Nordic Council of Ministers has asked NIKK, Nordic Information on Gender, to coordinate the project Part-Time Work in the Nordic Region. The aim of the project is to shed light on and analyse part-time work in the Nordic region, develop reports and arrange conferences. During the Swedish presidency of the Nordic Council of Ministers in 2013, the project identified how part-time work affects the economic resources of women and men. This first report presents statistics on full- and part-time work and compares the effects of part-time work on pensions in the Nordic countries. Marianne Sundström, professor of labour economics at Stockholm University, and Alma Lanninger Wennemo, Master's student at Stockholm University, wrote the report on a request by NIKK.

Part-time employment --- Alternative work schedules --- Employment, Part-time --- Part-time work --- Flexible work arrangements --- E-books --- Sex discrimination in employment. --- Employment (Economic theory) --- Sex role in the work environment --- Sexual division of labor --- Women --- Employment