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The number of people incarcerated in the U.S. now exceeds 2.3 million, due in part to the increasing criminalization of drug use: over 25% of people incarcerated in jails and prisons are there for drug offenses. Judging Addicts examines this increased criminalization of drugs and the medicalization of addiction in the U.S. by focusing on drug courts, where defendants are sent to drug treatment instead of prison. Rebecca Tiger explores how advocates of these courts make their case for what they call “enlightened coercion,” detailing how they use medical theories of addiction to justify increased criminal justice oversight of defendants who, through this process, are defined as both “sick” and “bad. ”Tiger shows how these courts fuse punitive and therapeutic approaches to drug use in the name of a “progressive” and “enlightened” approach to addiction. She critiques the medicalization of drug users, showing how the disease designation can complement, rather than contradict, punitive approaches, demonstrating that these courts are neither unprecedented nor unique, and that they contain great potential to expand punitive control over drug users. Tiger argues that the medicalization of addiction has done little to stem the punishment of drug users because of a key conceptual overlap in the medical and punitive approaches—that habitual drug use is a problem that needs to be fixed through sobriety. Judging Addicts presses policymakers to implement humane responses to persistent substance use that remove its control entirely from the criminal justice system and ultimately explores the nature of crime and punishment in the U.S. today.
Drug addicts --- Drug abuse --- Duress (Law) --- Drug courts --- Coercion (Law) --- Compulsion --- Criminal liability --- Law --- Necessity (Law) --- Threats --- Torts --- Undue influence --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Treatment --- Law and legislation
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Incentives can be found everywhere--in schools, businesses, factories, and government--influencing people's choices about almost everything, from financial decisions and tobacco use to exercise and child rearing. So long as people have a choice, incentives seem innocuous. But Strings Attached demonstrates that when incentives are viewed as a kind of power rather than as a form of exchange, many ethical questions arise: How do incentives affect character and institutional culture? Can incentives be manipulative or exploitative, even if people are free to refuse them? What are the responsibilities of the powerful in using incentives? Ruth Grant shows that, like all other forms of power, incentives can be subject to abuse, and she identifies their legitimate and illegitimate uses. Grant offers a history of the growth of incentives in early twentieth-century America, identifies standards for judging incentives, and examines incentives in four areas--plea bargaining, recruiting medical research subjects, International Monetary Fund loan conditions, and motivating students. In every case, the analysis of incentives in terms of power yields strikingly different and more complex judgments than an analysis that views incentives as trades, in which the desired behavior is freely exchanged for the incentives offered. Challenging the role and function of incentives in a democracy, Strings Attached questions whether the penchant for constant incentivizing undermines active, autonomous citizenship. Readers of this book are sure to view the ethics of incentives in a new light.
Incentive (Psychology) --- Motivation (Psychology) --- Political psychology. --- Political ethics. --- Ethics, Political --- Ethics in government --- Government ethics --- Political science --- Politics, Practical --- Mass political behavior --- Political behavior --- Psychology, Political --- Action, Psychology of --- Drive (Psychology) --- Psychology of action --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Psychological aspects --- Ethics --- Civics --- Psychology --- Social psychology --- Political psychology --- Political ethics --- E-books --- International Monetary Fund loans. --- International Monetary Fund. --- accountability. --- autonomy. --- behavioral pedagogy. --- change. --- children. --- choice. --- compensation. --- democracy. --- democratic politics. --- disincentives. --- ethical incentives. --- ethics. --- exchange. --- exploitation. --- government policy. --- incentives. --- loan policies. --- manipulation. --- medical research subjects. --- motivation. --- offer. --- persuasion. --- plea bargaining. --- power. --- practical judgment. --- purpose. --- scientific management. --- social control. --- social engineering. --- standards. --- student motivation. --- trade. --- undue influence. --- unethical incentives. --- voluntariness. --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Social ethics --- Professional ethics. Deontology
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