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Regional economic engagement within South Asia may gain increasing importance owing to several factors that are currently in play, including strategies to diversify global value chains and locate such value chains nearer home. These developments offer South Asia a chance to enhance its low levels of regional economic engagement and capitalize on significant unrealized development opportunities. This report shows that examining intraregional investment and knowledge connectivity enhances our understanding of the low levels of intraregional trade and limited regional value chains in South Asia. Creating a new and unique data set for South Asian investment, it provides a detailed and nuanced understanding of the drivers of outward investment, both regional and global, for South Asian firms. "Regional Investment Pioneers in South Asia" provides key considerations for policy makers in South Asia, which remain particularly relevant in the aftermath of the pandemic. First, it makes a case for regulatory relaxation of outward FDI regimes, based on new micro foundations, grounded in value chains. Second, it spells out details of smart inward FDI promotion techniques and investment facilitation. Third, it identifies distinct cross-border information-enhancing and network development activities. Fourth, it suggests that digital connectivity and continued interventions in reducing trade costs are warranted to increase investment as well as trade flows. There is particular scope to build on the digitalization initiatives in trade and investment facilitation taken during the pandemic. "Regional Investment Pioneers in South Asia" follows on, and is complementary to, the earlier World Bank report, "A Glass Half Full: the Promise of Regional Trade in South Asia."

Conglomerate --- Diapora Investment --- Exports --- FDI --- Firm --- Firm Dynamics --- Firm Entry --- Foreign Direct Investment --- Hetorogeneity --- Investment --- Networks --- Productivity --- Regional Integration --- Value Chain --- Commercial policy. --- Investments, Foreign.

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This paper studies the potential for the export sector to play a more important role in promoting growth in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic (CAPDR) through deeper intra-regional and global trade integration. CAPDR countries have enacted many free trade agreements and other regional integration initiatives in recent years, but this paper finds that their exports remain below the norm for countries of their size. Several indexes of outward orientation are constructed and suggest that the breadth of geographic trading relationships, depth of integration into global production chains, and degree of technological sophistication of exports in CAPDR are less conducive to higher exports and growth than in fast-growing, export-oriented economies. To boost exports and growth, CAPDR should implement policies to facilitate economic integration, particularly building a customs union, harmonizing trade rules, improving logistics and infrastructure, and enhancing regional cordination.

Commerce --- Business & Economics --- International Commerce --- International trade. --- Economic development --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- External trade --- Foreign commerce --- Foreign trade --- Global commerce --- Global trade --- Trade, International --- World trade --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- International economic relations --- Non-traded goods --- Exports --- Central America --- Economic integration. --- E-books --- International trade --- Exports and Imports --- Taxation --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Empirical Studies of Trade --- Economic Integration --- Economic Growth of Open Economies --- Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development --- Trade: General --- Financial Aspects of Economic Integration --- International economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Tariffs --- Customs unions --- Regional integration --- Service exports --- Taxes --- Economic integration --- Tariff --- Protectionism --- International economic integration --- United States

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The timing is ripe to pursue greater regional financial integration in Latin America given the withdrawal of some global banks from the region and the weakening of growth prospects. Important initiatives are ongoing to foster financial integration. Failure to capitalize on this would represent a significant missed opportunity. This paper examines the scope for further global and regional financial integration in Latin America, based on economic fundamentals and comparisons to other emerging regions, and quantifies the potential macroeconomic gains that such integration could bring. The analysis suggests that closing the financial integration gap could boost GDP growth be ¼ - ¾ percentage point in these countries, on average.

Latin America --- Asociación Latinoamericana de Libre Comercio countries --- Neotropical region --- Neotropics --- New World tropics --- Spanish America --- Economic integration. --- Economic integration --- E-books --- Exports and Imports --- Finance: General --- Financial Risk Management --- Globalization --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Multinational Firms --- International Business --- Financial Aspects of Economic Integration --- International Financial Markets --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Globalization: General --- Financial Crises --- Finance --- International economics --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Financial integration --- Regional integration --- Financial crises --- Emerging and frontier financial markets --- Financial markets --- International finance --- International economic integration --- Financial services industry --- Chile

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Sociology of minorities --- Droit --- Maatschappij --- Politiek --- Politique --- Périodiques --- Recht --- Société --- Tijdschriften --- Federal government --- Fédéralisme --- Periodicals --- Comparative studies --- Etudes comparatives --- Regionalism --- Comparative government --- Comparative government. --- Federal government. --- Regionalism. --- 212 Federalisme --- Social Sciences --- Political Science --- Regional and International Studies --- Fédéralisme --- Périodiques --- DOAJ-E EJDROIT EJPOLIT EPUB-ALPHA-F EPUB-PER-FT POPUPS-E --- federalism --- regionalism --- international relations --- regional integration --- Human geography --- Nationalism --- Interregionalism --- Division of powers --- Federal-provincial relations --- Federal-state relations --- Federal systems --- Federalism --- Political science --- Central-local government relations --- Decentralization in government --- State governments --- Comparative political systems --- Comparative politics --- Government, Comparative --- Political systems, Comparative --- Powers, Division of --- Provincial-federal relations --- State-federal relations --- Law and legislation --- Politics --- Public administration --- Gouvernement fédéral --- Régionalisme --- Science politique --- Études comparatives --- Politique, Science --- Politologie --- Sciences politiques --- Statologie --- Politique et culture --- Bible et politique --- Jeux politiques --- Philosophie politique --- Épistémologie de la science politique --- Femmes et politique --- Aspect politique --- Contribution à la science politique --- État --- Politologues --- Politique et gouvernement --- Décolonialité --- Espace politique --- Dimension des communes --- Clivages (science politique) --- Espace public (science politique) --- Réaction (science politique) --- Factions politiques --- Justice --- Assimilation politique --- Crises politiques --- Hégémonie --- Relations internationales --- Centre (science politique) --- Droite (science politique) --- Gauche (science politique) --- Administration publique --- Allégeance --- Alternance politique --- Anthropologie politique --- Autonomie --- Biopolitique --- Communication en politique --- Constitutions --- Contrat social --- Décision politique --- Délégation des pouvoirs (science politique) --- Développement politique --- Dimension des États --- Géographie politique --- Géopolitique --- Gérontocratie --- Gouvernement (science politique) --- Idées politiques --- Institutions politiques --- Intérêt général --- Obligation politique --- Opinion publique --- Opposition (science politique) --- Partis politiques --- Populisme --- Postcolonialisme --- Pouvoir (sciences sociales) --- Pratiques politiques --- Psychologie politique --- Régimes politiques --- Relations gouvernement central-collectivités locales --- Religion et politique --- Représentation politique --- Résistance politique --- Restaurations (politique) --- Séparation des pouvoirs --- Société civile --- Sociologie politique --- Souveraineté --- Symbolisme en politique --- Système électoral --- Techniques de décision en politique --- Violence politique --- Volonté générale --- Sciences sociales --- Culture régionale --- Cultures régionales --- Méridionalisme --- Édition régionale --- Régionalisme et sports --- Mouvements autonomistes --- Biorégionalisme --- Régionalisme (art) --- Géographie humaine --- Nationalisme --- Régions administratives --- Régions naturelles --- Administration fédérale --- Autorités fédérales --- Coordination des politiques entre gouvernement fédéral et États fédérés --- Division des pouvoirs entre gouvernement fédéral et États fédérés --- État fédéral --- États fédérés et gouvernement fédéral --- Fédéral, Gouvernement --- Gouvernement central (État fédéral) --- Harmonisation des politiques entre gouvernement fédéral et États fédérés --- Pouvoir fédéral --- Pouvoirs, Division des, entre gouvernement fédéral et États fédérés --- Relations États fédérés-gouvernement fédéral --- Relations gouvernement fédéral-États fédérés --- Système fédéral --- Décentralisation administrative --- Gouvernements d'États fédérés --- Enclaves fédérales --- Fédéralisme coopératif --- Fédéralisme multinational --- Intervention (gouvernement fédéral) --- Droits des États fédérés --- Fédéralisme asymétrique --- Lois uniformes (gouvernement fédéral) --- Pouvoirs législatifs exclusifs et concurrents --- Relations entre États fédérés --- Relations fédérales-municipales --- Relations fiscales intergouvernementales --- Méthode comparative --- Italie --- (science politique) --- (sciences sociales) --- (politique) --- Citoyenneté --- Confédération d'États --- Interventions fédérales