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This paper helps resolve a paradox in the literature, noticed by Alesina and Perotti (1995), which is that, although government employment is an important component of public spending, the debate on the effects of fiscal policy focuses almost exclusively on shocks to non-wage government consumption. We incorporate the distinction between spending for government employment and spending for non-wage government consumption in a "new open economy macroeconomics" model. Our results show that a permanent reduction in public employment in one country reduces relative private consumption and appreciates the domestic exchange rate if it is matched by a reduction in taxes. When the reduction in public employment is used to finance increased non-wage government consumption, the macroeconomic effects results are ambiguous, and are affected by the initial level of the public wage bill.

Civil service -- Econometric models. --- Fiscal policy -- Econometric models. --- Government spending policy -- Econometric models. --- Political Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Public Finance --- Government spending policy --- Civil service --- Fiscal policy --- Econometric models. --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Bureaucrats --- Career government service --- Civil servants --- Government employees --- Government service --- Public employees --- Public service (Civil service) --- Expenditures, Public --- Public spending policy --- Spending policy, Government --- Government policy --- Law and legislation --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Public administration --- Public officers --- Public service employment --- Full employment policies --- Unfunded mandates --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Labour --- income economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Public employment --- Consumption --- Expenditure --- Government consumption --- Private consumption --- Economics --- Economic theory --- Income economics

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Sub-Saharan Africa needs much faster economic growth and more effective economic, financial, and social policies if it is to make up for lost ground and reduce the number of people living in abject poverty. Edited by Laura Wallace, this volume presents the proceedings of a May 1998 seminar in Paris, organized jointly by the IMF and the Japanese Ministry of Finance, on ways to accelerate Africa's growth in our increasingly globalized world. Senior African and Asian government officials, representatives from multicultural institutions, donors, academics, and private sector participants gathered to discuss how to improve the private investment environment in African countries and take advantage of globalization's benefits while minimizing its risks, and how to strengthen the contribution of government in areas of capacity building, good governance, effective public resource management, and improved quality and composition of government spending.

International finance --- Third World: economic development problems --- Africa --- Free trade --- Structural adjustment (Economic policy) --- Investments, Foreign --- Libre-échange --- Ajustement structurel (Economie) --- Investissements étrangers --- Congresses --- Congrès --- Afrique --- Economic policy --- Politique économique --- 339.54 <6> --- 338.24 <6> --- 339.727.2 <6> --- -Investments, Foreign --- -Structural adjustment (Economic policy) --- -331.33 --- 338.340 --- AFR / Africa - Afrika - Afrique --- -338.96 --- Capital exports --- Capital imports --- FDI (Foreign direct investment) --- Foreign direct investment --- Foreign investment --- Foreign investments --- International investment --- Offshore investments --- Outward investments --- Capital movements --- Investments --- Free trade and protection --- Trade, Free --- Trade liberalization --- International trade --- Buitenlandse economische politiek. Buitenlandse handelspolitiek. Instrumentarium van de buitenlandse handel--Afrika --- Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Afrika --- Internationale kapitaalbeweging. Buitenlandse leningen. Buitenlandse kredieten. Internationale kapitaalbeweging. Buitenlandse investeringen. Kapitaalinvoer. Kapitaaluitvoer. Kapitaalvlucht--Afrika --- Structureel beleid. Reglementering. Dereglementering. Ordnungspolitik. --- Algemene ontwikkeling in de Derde Wereld. --- -Economic policy. --- Africa -- Economic policy -- Congresses. --- Free trade -- Africa -- Congresses. --- Investments, Foreign -- Africa -- Congresses. --- Structural adjustment (Economic policy) -- Africa -- Congresses. --- Commerce --- Business & Economics --- International Commerce --- 338.24 <6> Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Afrika --- 339.54 <6> Buitenlandse economische politiek. Buitenlandse handelspolitiek. Instrumentarium van de buitenlandse handel--Afrika --- 339.727.2 <6> Internationale kapitaalbeweging. Buitenlandse leningen. Buitenlandse kredieten. Internationale kapitaalbeweging. Buitenlandse investeringen. Kapitaalinvoer. Kapitaaluitvoer. Kapitaalvlucht--Afrika --- Libre-échange --- Investissements étrangers --- Congrès --- Politique économique --- 338.96 --- 331.33 --- Structureel beleid. Reglementering. Dereglementering. Ordnungspolitik --- Algemene ontwikkeling in de Derde Wereld --- Developing countries: economic development problems --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Labor --- Public Finance --- Industries: Financial Services --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Public finance & taxation --- Banking --- International economics --- Civil service & public sector --- Labour --- income economics --- Finance --- Expenditure --- Public employment --- Commercial banks --- Financial institutions --- Balance of payments --- Trade policy --- Expenditures, Public --- Banks and banking --- Commercial policy --- Economic theory --- Civil service --- Uganda --- Income economics