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For the first time, the story of how and why we have plumbed the mysteries of reading, and why it matters today. Reading is perhaps the essential practice of modern civilization. For centuries, it has been seen as key to both personal fulfillment and social progress, and millions today depend on it to participate fully in our society. Yet, at its heart, reading is a surprisingly elusive practice. This book tells for the first time the story of how American scientists and others have sought to understand reading, and, by understanding it, to improve how people do it. Starting around 1900, researchers—convinced of the urgent need to comprehend a practice central to industrial democracy—began to devise instruments and experiments to investigate what happened to people when they read. They traced how a good reader’s eyes moved across a page of printed characters, and they asked how their mind apprehended meanings as they did so. In schools across the country, millions of Americans learned to read through the application of this science of reading. At the same time, workers fanned out across the land to extend the science of reading into the social realm, mapping the very geography of information for the first time. Their pioneering efforts revealed that the nation’s most pressing problems were rooted in drastic informational inequities, between North and South, city and country, and white and Black—and they suggested ways to tackle those problems. Today, much of how we experience our information society reflects the influence of these enterprises. This book explains both how the science of reading shaped our age and why, with so-called reading wars still plaguing schools across the nation, it remains bitterly contested.

Reading --- Research. --- reading, science, education, history, cognitive science, media, information, communication, reading wars, literacy.

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Italian Academies have typically been studied individually or in the context of specific cities, leaving an important lacuna in the scholarship on Italian culture and early modernity. Cutting across various disciplines, this volume traces the relationships of these Academies and explains how they prefigured networks like the République des letters.

Italy—History. --- Education—History. --- Social history. --- Europe—History. --- History of Italy. --- History of Education. --- Social History. --- European History. --- Italy --- Intellectual life --- Relations. --- Education --- Europe --- History.

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Education --- History --- Periodicals. --- Périodiques --- Éducation --- Histoire --- Periodicals --- Arts and Humanities --- Education & Careers --- Education. --- Canada. --- educational policy --- education and state --- education history --- higher education history --- history of childhood --- Children --- Education of children --- Education, Primitive --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Schools --- Teaching --- Training --- Canada --- Canadae --- Ceanada --- Chanada --- Chanadey --- Dominio del Canadá --- Dominion of Canada --- Kʻaenada --- Kanada --- Ḳanadah --- Kanadaja --- Kanadas --- Ḳanade --- Kanado --- Kanakā --- Province of Canada --- Republica de Canadá --- Yn Chanadey --- Éducation --- Kanak --- Ontario --- Québec --- Canada (Province) --- Dominio del Canad --- Republica de Canad --- Jianada --- Kaineḍā

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This book examines black intellectual thought during from 1890-1940, and its relationship to the development of the alternative black curriculum in social studies. Inquiry into the alternative black curriculum is a multi-disciplinary project; it requires an intersectional approach that draws on social studies research, educational history and black history. Exploring the gendered construction of the alternative black curriculum, Murray considers the impact of Carter G. Woodson and W.E.B. DuBois in creating the alternative black curriculum in social studies, and its subsequent relationship to the work of black women in the field and how black women developed the alternative black curriculum in private and public settings. .

African Americans --- Social sciences --- Study and teaching. --- Study and teaching --- Du Bois, W. E. B. --- Education. --- Curriculums (Courses of study). --- Education --- Curriculum Studies. --- History of Education. --- Early Childhood Education. --- Curricula. --- History. --- African American studies --- Afro-American studies --- Black studies --- Du Bois, W. E. Burghardt --- Du Bois, W. E. --- Di︠u︡bua, Uilʹi︠a︡m Ėdvard Burgkhardt, --- Di︠u︡bua, Vilʹi︠a︡m, --- Du Bois, William Edward Burghardt, --- DuBois, W. E. B. --- Du Bois, William, --- Du Bois, W. B. --- Curriculum planning. --- Education-History. --- Early childhood education. --- Curriculum development --- Instructional systems --- Planning --- Curricula --- Design --- Education—Curricula. --- Education—History. --- Child development. --- Child study --- Children --- Development, Child --- Developmental biology --- Core curriculum --- Courses of study --- Curricula (Courses of study) --- Curriculums (Courses of study) --- Schools --- Study, Courses of --- Development

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Education --- Periodicals. --- Périodiques --- Education. --- higher education --- migration --- education history --- pedagogy --- Brazil. --- Children --- Education of children --- Education, Primitive --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Schools --- Teaching --- Training --- al-Barāzīl --- Barāzīl --- Brasil --- Brasile --- Brasilië --- Brasilien --- Brazili --- Brazili Federativlă Respubliki --- Brazilia --- Brazilië --- Brazilii︠a︡ --- Brazilii︠a︡ Federativ Respublikaḣy --- Braziliya --- Braziliya Federativ Respublikası --- Brazilská federativní republika --- Brazylia --- Brésil --- Federale Republiek van Brasilië --- Federative Republic of Brazil --- Federativna republika Brazil --- Federativna republika Brazilii︠a︡ --- Federat︠s︡iėm Respublikė Brazil --- Fedėratyŭnai︠a︡ Rėspublika Brazilii︠a︡ --- Gweriniaeth Ffederal Brasil --- Pa-hsi --- Pa-se --- Pa-se Liân-pang Kiōng-hô-kok --- Pederatibong Republika sa Brasil --- Pindorama --- República Federal del Brasil --- Republica Federale di u Brasile --- Republica Federativa del Brazil --- República Federativa do Brasil --- Rèpublica fèdèrativa du Brèsil --- Republik Kevreel Brazil --- République fédérative du Brésil --- Tantasqa Republika Wrasil --- Tetã Pindorama --- Wrasil --- Brasili --- Brazilii͡ --- Brazilii͡a Federativ Respublikaḣy --- Federale Republiek van Brasili --- Federativna republika Brazilii͡ --- Federat͡siėm Respublikė Brazil --- Fedėratyŭnai͡a Rėspublika Brazilii͡ --- Brasilia --- Burajiru --- Educational sciences