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Beowulf, like The Iliad and The Odyssey, is a foundational work of Western literature that originated in mysterious circumstances. In The Transmission of "Beowulf," Leonard Neidorf addresses philological questions that are fundamental to the study of the poem. Is Beowulf the product of unitary or composite authorship? How substantially did scribes alter the text during its transmission, and how much time elapsed between composition and preservation?Neidorf answers these questions by distinguishing linguistic and metrical regularities, which originate with the Beowulf poet, from patterns of textual corruption, which descend from copyists involved in the poem's transmission. He argues, on the basis of archaic features that pervade Beowulf and set it apart from other Old English poems, that the text preserved in the sole extant manuscript (ca. 1000) is essentially the work of one poet who composed it circa 700. Of course, during the poem's written transmission, several hundred scribal errors crept into its text. These errors are interpreted in the central chapters of the book as valuable evidence for language history, cultural change, and scribal practice. Neidorf's analysis reveals that the scribes earnestly attempted to standardize and modernize the text's orthography, but their unfamiliarity with obsolete words and ancient heroes resulted in frequent errors. The Beowulf manuscript thus emerges from his study as an indispensible witness to processes of linguistic and cultural change that took place in England between the eighth and eleventh centuries. An appendix addresses J. R. R. Tolkien's Beowulf: A Translation and Commentary, which was published in 2014. Neidorf assesses Tolkien's general views on the transmission of Beowulf and evaluates his position on various textual issues.

Language and culture --- Transmission of texts --- Epic poetry, English (Old) --- Culture and language --- Culture --- Literary transmission --- Manuscript transmission --- Textual transmission --- Criticism, Textual --- Editions --- Manuscripts --- Anglo-Saxon epic poetry --- English epic poetry, Old --- Epic poetry, Anglo-Saxon --- Old English epic poetry --- English poetry --- History --- Criticism, Textual. --- Beowulf --- Bjowulf --- 820 "06/10" BEOWULF --- 091 --- 091.14 --- 930.85.42 <41> --- 930.85.42 <41> Cultuurgeschiedenis: Middeleeuwen--Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannië en Noord-Ierland --- Cultuurgeschiedenis: Middeleeuwen--Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannië en Noord-Ierland --- 091.14 Codicologie. Codices. Scriptoria --- Codicologie. Codices. Scriptoria --- 820 "06/10" BEOWULF Engelse literatuur--?"06/10"--BEOWULF --- Engelse literatuur--?"06/10"--BEOWULF --- Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi--Engels

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LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES --- Library & Information Science / General --- Manuscripts --- Archival materials --- History --- Book Studies & Arts --- Education --- Social Sciences --- Conservation and restoration --- Sources --- 930.25:025.8 --- 025.7 --- -History --- -Manuscripts --- -Codices --- Books --- Nonbook materials --- Charters --- Codicology --- Diplomatics --- Illumination of books and manuscripts --- Paleography --- Transmission of texts --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Materials, Archival --- Archives --- Archiefwetenschap. Archivistiek-:-Opstelling en opberging van boeken in het magazijn. Boekverzorging. Etiketten --- Conserveren van boeken. Inbinden. Microfilmeren. Digitaliseren --- -Conservation and restoration --- Conservation and restoration. --- -Archiefwetenschap. Archivistiek-:-Opstelling en opberging van boeken in het magazijn. Boekverzorging. Etiketten --- 025.7 Conserveren van boeken. Inbinden. Microfilmeren. Digitaliseren --- 930.25:025.8 Archiefwetenschap. Archivistiek-:-Opstelling en opberging van boeken in het magazijn. Boekverzorging. Etiketten --- -025.7 Conserveren van boeken. Inbinden. Microfilmeren. Digitaliseren --- Codices --- Conservation of archival materials --- Preservation of archival materials --- Documents, Conservation of --- Preservation --- Sources&delete&

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Over the course of ten centuries, Islam developed a rich written heritage that is visible in paintings, calligraphies, and manuscripts. The Islamic Manuscript Tradition explores this aspect of Islamic history with studies of the materials and tools of literate culture, including pens, inks, and papers, Qur'ans, Persian and Mughal illustrated manuscripts, Ottoman devotional works, cartographical manuscripts, printed books, and Islamic erotica. Seven essays present new scholarship on a wide range of topics including collection, miniaturization, illustrated devotional books, the history of the printing press in Islamic lands, and the presence and function of erotic paintings. This beautifully produced volume includes 111 color illustrations and provides a valuable new resource for students and scholars of Islamic art.

Manuscripts, Turkish --- Manuscripts, Persian --- Manuscripts, Arabic --- Islamic illumination of books and manuscripts. --- Early printed books --- Islam --- Islamic civilization --- Manuscripts --- Illumination of books and manuscripts, Islamic --- Muslim illumination of books and manuscripts --- Illumination of books and manuscripts --- Bibliography --- Books --- Arabic manuscripts --- Mohammedanism --- Muhammadanism --- Muslimism --- Mussulmanism --- Religions --- Muslims --- Civilization, Islamic --- Muslim civilization --- Civilization --- Civilization, Arab --- Codices --- Nonbook materials --- Archival materials --- Charters --- Codicology --- Diplomatics --- Paleography --- Transmission of texts --- Turkish manuscripts --- Persian manuscripts --- Persian literature --- Manuscripts. --- Lilly Library (Indiana University, Bloomington) --- Indiana University --- Indiana University, Bloomington --- Indiana University. --- Indiana University, Bloomington.

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Imperial China’s dynastic legal codes provide a wealth of information for historians, social scientists, and scholars of comparative law and of literary, cultural, and legal history. Until now, only the Tang (618–907 C.E.) and Qing (1644–1911 C.E.) codes have been available in English translation. The present book is the first English translation of The Great Ming Code (Da Ming lu), which reached its final form in 1397. The translation is preceded by an introductory essay that places the Code in historical context, explores its codification process, and examines its structure and contents. A glossary of Chinese terms is also provided.One of the most important law codes in Chinese history, The Great Ming Code represents a break with the past, following the alien-ruled Yuan (Mongol) dynasty, and the flourishing of culture under the Ming, the last great Han-ruled dynasty. It was also a model for the Qing code, which followed it, and is a fundamental source for understanding Chinese society and culture. The Code regulated all the perceived major aspects of social affairs, aiming at the harmony of political, economic, military, familial, ritual, international, and legal relations in the empire and cosmic relations in the universe. The all-encompassing nature of the Code makes it an encyclopedic document, providing rich materials on Ming history. Because of the pervasiveness of legal proceedings in the culture generally, the Code has relevance far beyond the specialized realm of Chinese legal studies. The basic value system and social norms that the Code imposed became so thoroughly ingrained in Chinese society that the Manchus, who conquered China and established the Qing dynasty, chose to continue the Code in force with only minor changes.The Code made a considerable impact on the legal cultures of other East Asian countries: Yi dynasty Korea, Le dynasty Vietnam, and late Tokugawa and early Meiji Japan. Examining why and how some rules in the Code were adopted and others rejected in these countries will certainly enhance our understanding of the shared culture and indigenous identities in East Asia.The open access publication of this book was made possible by a grant from the James P. Geiss and Margaret Y. Hsu Foundation.

Law --- S08/0200 --- China: Law and legislation--General works and codices: traditional --- China. --- Cina --- Kinë --- Cathay --- Chinese National Government --- Chung-kuo kuo min cheng fu --- Republic of China (1912-1949) --- Kuo min cheng fu (China : 1912-1949) --- Chung-hua min kuo (1912-1949) --- Kina (China) --- National Government (1912-1949) --- China (Republic : 1912-1949) --- People's Republic of China --- Chinese People's Republic --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo --- Central People's Government of Communist China --- Chung yang jen min cheng fu --- Chung-hua chung yang jen min kung ho kuo --- Central Government of the People's Republic of China --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo --- Kitaĭskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- Činská lidová republika --- RRT --- Republik Rakjat Tiongkok --- KNR --- Kytaĭsʹka Narodna Respublika --- Jumhūriyat al-Ṣīn al-Shaʻbīyah --- RRC --- Kitaĭ --- Kínai Népköztársaság --- Chūka Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- Erets Sin --- Sin --- Sāthāranarat Prachāchon Čhīn --- P.R. China --- PR China --- PRC --- P.R.C. --- Chung-kuo --- Zhongguo --- Zhonghuaminguo (1912-1949) --- Zhong guo --- Chine --- République Populaire de Chine --- República Popular China --- Catay --- VR China --- VRChina --- 中國 --- 中国 --- 中华人民共和国 --- Jhongguó --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaxu Dundadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaqu Dumdadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Dundad Ard Uls --- BNKhAU --- БНХАУ --- Khi︠a︡tad --- Kitad --- Dumdadu Ulus --- Dumdad Uls --- Думдад Улс --- Kitajska --- China (Republic : 1949- )

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In the spring of 1992, Deng Xiaoping made a historical tour of south China, popularly known as the Nanxun ("southern tour"). During the tour, he boldly called for more radical economic reform and further opening up of China. The Nanxun has become a political landmark in the history of the People's Republic of China, much like great events such as the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, and the 1989 Tiananmen crackdown. Deng Xiaoping has left his own legacy for the country. The Nanxun belongs to Deng, just as the 1911 revolution belongs to Sun Yat-sen and the comm

China -- Economic policy -- 1976-2000. --- China -- History -- 20th century. --- China -- Politics and government -- 1976-2002. --- Deng, Xiaoping, -- 1904-1997 -- Political and social views. --- Electronic books. -- local. --- East Asia --- Regions & Countries - Asia & the Middle East --- History & Archaeology --- S10/0251 --- S06/0424 --- S08/0350 --- S10/0330 --- China: Economics, industry and commerce--General works and economic history: since 1989 --- China: Politics and government--CCP: since 1989 --- China: Law and legislation--General works and codices: since 1949 --- China: Economics, industry and commerce--Employment --- Deng, Xiaoping --- -Political and social views --- China --- Economic policy --- -Politics and government --- -S10/0251 --- -China -- Economic policy -- 1976-2000. --- -Deng Xiaoping --- deng xiao ping --- Political and social views --- Deng, Xiaoping, --- Political and social views. --- History --- Politics and government --- Teng, Hsiao-pʻing, --- Teng, Shiao-ping, --- Tŭng, So-pʻyŏng, --- Tō, Shōhei, --- Dén, Si︠a︡o-pin, --- Deng, Xiao Ping, --- Dengxiaoping, --- Teng, Hsziao-ping, --- Дэн, Сяопин, --- Dėn, Si︠a︡opin, --- Đặng, Tiểu Bình, --- Tiṅ, Źaʼo-phiṅ, --- Tiṅ-źaʼo-phiṅ, --- 鄧小平, --- 邓小平, --- [トウ] 小平, --- Deng, Bin, --- Teng, Pin, --- 邓斌, --- Tiṅ-śi, --- Cina --- Kinë --- Cathay --- Chinese National Government --- Chung-kuo kuo min cheng fu --- Republic of China (1912-1949) --- Kuo min cheng fu (China : 1912-1949) --- Chung-hua min kuo (1912-1949) --- Kina (China) --- National Government (1912-1949) --- China (Republic : 1912-1949) --- People's Republic of China --- Chinese People's Republic --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo --- Central People's Government of Communist China --- Chung yang jen min cheng fu --- Chung-hua chung yang jen min kung ho kuo --- Central Government of the People's Republic of China --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo --- Kitaĭskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- Činská lidová republika --- RRT --- Republik Rakjat Tiongkok --- KNR --- Kytaĭsʹka Narodna Respublika --- Jumhūriyat al-Ṣīn al-Shaʻbīyah --- RRC --- Kitaĭ --- Kínai Népköztársaság --- Chūka Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- Erets Sin --- Sin --- Sāthāranarat Prachāchon Čhīn --- P.R. China --- PR China --- Chung-kuo --- Zhongguo --- Zhonghuaminguo (1912-1949) --- Zhong guo --- Chine --- République Populaire de Chine --- República Popular China --- Catay --- VR China --- VRChina --- 中國 --- 中国 --- 中华人民共和国 --- Jhongguó --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaxu Dundadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaqu Dumdadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Dundad Ard Uls --- Khi︠a︡tad --- Kitad --- Dumdadu Ulus --- Dumdad Uls --- Думдад Улс --- Kitajska --- -S06/0424