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The COVID-19 crisis, which has sent economies in South Asia and around the world into a deep recession, has highlighted South Asia's rising debt levels and sizable hidden liabilities. State-owned enterprises, state-owned commercial banks, and public-private partnerships have been at the center of the rising debt wave and the latest pandemic response. Historically,South Asia has relied on these direct public interventions more than other regions. The interventions have helped governments tackle key development challenges and rapidly deliver relief measures during crises. However, because of their inefficiencies and weak governance, the interventions are also a significant source of public indebtedness and macrofinancial risks. Hidden Debt examines the trade-off between tackling development challenges through direct state presence in the market and avoiding unsustainable debt due to economic inefficiencies of such off-balance sheet operations, which greatly leverage public capital. The study recommends a reform agenda based on the four interrelated principles of purpose, incentives, transparency, and accountability (PITA). The reforms can mitigate the risks that off-balance sheet operations will become the source of the next financial crisis in South Asia.
Financial crises --- Government business enterprises --- Off balance sheet financing. --- Risk --- Prevention. --- Finance.
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Math for Managers is a practical summary of formulas every manager needs. The book is organized into logical chapters, and each formula introduced includes an example and the Excel program needed to make the process of calculation simple. It adds a practical side to the challenge of calculating the sometimes complex formulas of compound interest, rates of return, breakeven after tax liability, balance sheet and income ratios, depreciation, reports and budgets, proration, statistics, and more. Additional appendices are provided to explain incredible math shortcuts. This book will benefit managers and executives at any level within an organization, as well as academic instructors and business students. Michael C. Thomsett is a market expert, author, speaker, and coach. His many books include Stock Market Math, Candlestick Charting, The Mathematics of Options, and A Technical Approach to Trend Analysis.
Business mathematics --- Arithmetic, Commercial --- Business --- Business arithmetic --- Business math --- Commercial arithmetic --- Finance --- Mathematics --- E-books --- Mathematical analysis. --- 517.1 Mathematical analysis --- Mathematical analysis --- Balance sheet. --- Compound interest. --- Depreciation. --- Income statement. --- Rate of return. --- Sinking fund.
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The book Accounting for People Who Think They Hate Accounting is inspired by my IIM Ahmedabad days when grappling with accountancy suddenly becomes the "numero uno" priority of MBA Semester-1. Financial statements serve as a report card for a business through which managers and entrepreneurs can know their exact financial positions. These financial statements are prepared only through financial accounting. The main purpose of financial accounting is to help entrepreneurs exercise control over their business activities by controlling total costs incurred so that they are able to earn higher profits. So, in order to understand where exactly the business stands financially, knowledge of financial accounting is imperative. What is financial accounting? Why do I need to understand it? How will it help me in my business? Why is it important to me? Or Is it important to me? These are some of the questions that surface in the minds of young and aspiring entrepreneurs when they start their business or are on the verge of starting one. This book aims to answer them in the most practical and comprehensible manner possible so that accounting is no longer a nightmare for them.
Accounting. --- accounting --- accounting for beginners --- accounting convention --- accounting for dummies --- balance sheet and profit and loss account --- bookkeeping --- business and money --- corporate accounting --- entrepreneurship and small business --- financial statements
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Accounting is the score keeping system in the "game" of business--you can't do well in any "game" if you don't understand how the score is kept. This book is intended to benefit practicing managers, MBA students, and nonaccounting business majors. United States financial reporting standards are compared and contrasted with international financial reporting standards where appropriate. The book emphasizes how management's choice of accounting methods and their required estimates in reporting transactions and events impact financial statements, both immediately and in the future. Unlike typical accounting books, journal entries are not used to illustrate topical coverage. This unique book exclusively provides a user's decision-making perspective by using the accounting equation format to directly illustrate financial statement effects of transactions and events. Most of the topics addressed in this book are typically studied by accounting majors in the two course "intermediate" accounting sequence, but the text also includes discussion of consolidations--a topic generally covered in the "advanced" accounting course. Intermediate accounting textbooks alone typically exceed well over 1,500 pages. By exclusively applying a user's perspective, and limiting topical content to areas relevant for decision making, this book allows nonaccountants to acquire the requisite underlying knowledge in a concise, easy to understand text.
Accounting --- Standards. --- Financial Statements --- GAAP --- Cash Flow vs. Earnings --- Accounting Equation Format --- Accounting Method Choice --- Accounting Estimates --- Off-Balance-Sheet Financing --- Economic Consequences of Accounting --- Earnings Management --- Substance Over Form --- IFRS
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This book introduces and examines what is currently the most central and controversial area in financial reporting. It is designed so that readers with particular interests can easily find their way through clearly marked sections.
Accounting -- Standards. --- Business records. --- Consolidation and merger of corporations -- Accounting. --- Corporations -- Taxation -- Consolidated returns. --- Financial statements. --- Financial statements, Consolidated. --- Business --- Commercial records --- Corporations --- Office records --- Combined financial statement --- Consolidated balance sheet --- Consolidated financial statements --- Group accounts --- Office management --- Records --- Paperwork (Office practice) --- Financial statements --- Holding companies --- Accounting --- Accountancy
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Accounting often is referred to as the language of business; unfortunately, many business professionals lack the fluency in this unique language required to perform basic financial analysis, prepare budgetary forecasts, or compare competing capital investment alternatives. And while there is no shortage of financial-related textbooks or reference manuals, most assume that readers have educational backgrounds - and/or have had years of professional experience - in accounting, financial analysis, or corporate finance. This book targets professionals with limited exposure to - or formal training in - accounting or related finance disciplines. These individuals often include - but certainly are not limited to - engineers, information technology specialists, retail managers, entrepreneurs, marketing directors, construction contractors, attorneys, and even bankers who are making career transitions from consumer lending positions to become commercial loan officers. The primary purpose of this book is to help managers and business owners from diverse professional and educational backgrounds to: (1) converse more effectively with their accounting and finance colleagues; (2) understand the structure and the elements of general-purpose financial statements, (3) identify both the usefulness and the limitations of accounting information; (4) prepare basic financial forecasts; and (5) make sense of commonly used decision-making models.
Accounting. --- Financial statements. --- Accruals --- accounting --- financial statements --- balance sheet --- income statement --- statement of cash flows --- assets --- deferrals --- liabilities --- equity --- revenue --- expenses --- cash flow --- financial analysis --- financial management --- profitability --- solvency --- liquidity --- budgeting --- decision-making --- financial forecasting --- pro forma financial statements --- cost-volume-profit analysis --- breakeven --- capital budgeting --- payback period --- discounted present-value --- internal rate of return --- net present value --- time-value of money
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The financial health of central banks and its relation to policy outcomes has recently been recognized as an important policy issue. While case study evidence clearly indicates that weak central bank finances can hamper effective policy implementation, the question of whether central bank financial strength influences policy performance remains controversial. This is due, in part, to a lack of econometric evidence. The paper presents a first step toward filling this gap, by providing a quantitative evaluation of the relationship between measures of central bank financial strength and policy performance, in particular inflation. The paper's major finding is that there indeed is a negative relationship between central bank financial strength and inflation outcomes. This relationship appears to be robust to the choice of alternative country samples, control variables, estimation strategies, and conceptualizations of central bank financial strength.
Banks and banking, Central -- Econometric models. --- Capital -- Econometric models. --- Inflation (Finance) -- Econometric models. --- Monetary policy -- Econometric models. --- Banks and banking, Central --- Monetary policy --- Econometric models. --- Banker's banks --- Banks, Central --- Central banking --- Central banks --- Banks and banking --- Accounting --- Banks and Banking --- Inflation --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Central Banks and Their Policies --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Public Administration --- Public Sector Accounting and Audits --- Banking --- Macroeconomics --- Financial reporting, financial statements --- Central bank autonomy --- Financial statements --- Central bank balance sheet --- Prices --- Finance, Public --- Chile
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Determinants of central banks' profitability are studied using a statistical analysis of their balance sheets, country characteristics, and the macroeconomic and institutional environments in which they operate. Central banks at both tails of the distribution of profits generally operate in poorer countries with more troubled macroeconomic and institutional environments. For these central banks, profitability is strongly influenced by fiscal dominance and, to a lesser extent, by how actively central banks used their balance sheet for monetary policy purposes.
Finance --- Business & Economics --- Banking --- Banks and banking, Central --- Monetary policy --- Econometric models. --- Banker's banks --- Banks, Central --- Central banking --- Central banks --- Banks and banking --- Accounting --- Banks and Banking --- Macroeconomics --- Central Banks and Their Policies --- Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook: General --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Public Administration --- Public Sector Accounting and Audits --- Financial reporting, financial statements --- Personal income --- Financial statements --- Bank deposits --- Central bank balance sheet --- Income --- Finance, Public
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Central Bank Balance Sheet and Real Business Cycles argues that a deeper comprehension of changes to the central bank balance sheet can lead to more effective policymaking. Any transaction engaged in by the central bank-issuing currency, conducting foreign exchange operations, investing its own funds, intervening to provide emergency liquidity assistance and carrying out monetary policy operations-influences its balance sheet. Despite this, many central banks throughout the world have largely ignored balance sheet movements, and have instead focused on implementing interest rates. In this book, Mustapha Abiodun Akinkunmi highlights the challenges and controversies faced by central banks in the past and present when implementing policies, and analyzes the links between these policies, the central bank balance sheet, and the consequences to economies as a whole. He argues that the composition and evolution of the central bank balance sheet provides a valuable basis for understanding the needs of an economy, and is an important tool in developing strategies that would most effectively achieve policy goals. This book is an important resource for anyone interested in monetary policy or whose work is effected by the actions of the policies of central banks.
Banks and banking, Central --- Financial statements --- Balance sheets --- Corporate financial statements --- Earnings statements --- Financial reports --- Income statements --- Operating statements --- Profit and loss statements --- Statements, Financial --- Accounting --- Bookkeeping --- Business records --- Corporation reports --- Banker's banks --- Banks, Central --- Central banking --- Central banks --- Banks and banking --- Accounting&delete& --- Econometric models --- Evaluation&delete& --- E-books --- Business cycles. --- Balance sheet. --- Economic cycles --- Economic fluctuations --- Cycles --- Evaluation --- Central Bank. --- Economic policy. --- International finance. --- Monetary policy. --- Trade.
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In what constitutes a landmark in the field of national accounts, Raymond W. Goldsmith gives detailed estimates of the nation's assets and liabilities year by year from 1953 through 1975 and for the benchmark years of 1900, 1929, and 1980. Special features of this work include presentation of data sector by sector, which casts light on the changing roles of financial institutions, and Goldsmith's expression of data in the form of ratios rather than in absolute dollar values, a device that makes the material both more informative and easier to absorb. The most comprehensive and extensive study of national wealth ever attempted, The National Balance Sheet will be a rich resource for researchers and users of national accounts.
National accounts --- United States --- National income --- Accounting. --- Accounting --- E-books --- 307.366 --- 339.110 --- 339.111 --- 339.112.0 --- US / United States of America - USA - Verenigde Staten - Etats Unis --- Statistieken van het openbaar en particulier vermogen --- Nationaal vermogen: algemeenheden --- Openbaar vermogen. Onteigeningen. Provinciaal en gemeentelijk domein --- Particulier vermogen: algemeenheden --- National income - United States - Accounting. --- macroeconomics, united states history, economy, economics, debt, national accounts, assets, liabilities, financial institutions, finance, banks, banking, accounting, absolute dollar values, extensive study, wealth, money, power, income, deficit spending, balance sheet, valuations, deflation, regional differences, farming, farm enterprises, big business, taxation, capital, capitalism, female wealthholders. --- United States of America
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