Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Nanobiomaterials in Antimicrobial Therapy presents novel antimicrobial approaches that enable nanotechnology to be used effectively in the treatment of infections. This field has gained a large amount of interest over the last decade, in response to the high resistance of pathogens to antibiotics. Leading researchers from around the world discuss the synthesis routes of nanobiomaterials, characterization, and their applications as antimicrobial agents. The books covers various aspects: mechanisms of toxicity for inorganic nanoparticles against bacteria; the development of excellent carriers for the transport of a high variety of antimicrobials; the use of nanomaterials to facilitate both diagnosis and therapeutic approaches against infectious agents; strategies to control biofilms based on enzymes, biosurfactants, or magnetotactic bacteria; bacterial adhesion onto polymeric surfaces and novel materials; and antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation. This book will be of interest to postdoctoral researchers, professors and students engaged in the fields of materials science, biotechnology and applied chemistry. It will also be highly valuable to those working in industry, including pharmaceutics and biotechnology companies, medical researchers, biomedical engineers and advanced clinicians.--

Anti-infective agents. --- Nanostructured materials. --- Biomedical materials. --- Biocompatible materials --- Biomaterials --- Medical materials --- Medicine --- Biomedical engineering --- Materials --- Biocompatibility --- Prosthesis --- Nanomaterials --- Nanometer materials --- Nanophase materials --- Nanostructure controlled materials --- Nanostructure materials --- Ultra-fine microstructure materials --- Microstructure --- Nanotechnology --- Antiinfective agents --- Antimicrobial agents --- Antimicrobial drugs --- Antimicrobials --- Drugs --- Anti-Infective Agents. --- Nanostructures --- therapeutic use. --- Anti-Microbial Agents --- Antiinfective Agents --- Antimicrobial Agents --- Microbicides --- Agents, Anti-Infective --- Agents, Anti-Microbial --- Agents, Antiinfective --- Agents, Antimicrobial --- Anti Infective Agents --- Anti Microbial Agents --- Infections --- Parasites --- Anti-Infective Agent --- Anti-Microbial Agent --- Antimicrobial Agent --- Microbicide --- Agent, Anti-Infective --- Agent, Anti-Microbial --- Agent, Antimicrobial --- Anti Infective Agent --- Anti Microbial Agent --- Bioartificial materials --- Hemocompatible materials --- Biomaterials (Biomedical materials)

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Anti-infective agents --- Communicable diseases --- Anti-Infective Agents. --- Communicable Diseases --- Antiinfectieux --- Maladies infectieuses --- Anti-infective agents. --- Communicable diseases. --- Treatment --- Diagnosis --- diagnosis. --- Périodiques. --- Traitement --- Diagnostics --- Diagnosis. --- Treatment. --- Anti-Microbial Agents --- Antiinfective Agents --- Antimicrobial Agents --- Microbicides --- Agents, Anti-Infective --- Agents, Anti-Microbial --- Agents, Antiinfective --- Agents, Antimicrobial --- Anti Infective Agents --- Anti Microbial Agents --- Contagion and contagious diseases --- Contagious diseases --- Infectious diseases --- Microbial diseases in human beings --- Zymotic diseases --- Antiinfective agents --- Antimicrobial agents --- Antimicrobial drugs --- Antimicrobials --- Anti-Infective Agents --- diagnosis --- Infectious Diseases --- Communicable Disease --- Disease, Communicable --- Disease, Infectious --- Diseases, Communicable --- Diseases, Infectious --- Infectious Disease --- Diseases --- Infection --- Epidemics --- Drugs --- Diagnostic microbiology --- Medical microbiology --- Quarantine --- Parasites --- Disease Outbreaks --- Disease Transmission, Infectious --- Infections --- Anti-Infective Agent --- Anti-Microbial Agent --- Antimicrobial Agent --- Microbicide --- Agent, Anti-Infective --- Agent, Anti-Microbial --- Agent, Antimicrobial --- Anti Infective Agent --- Anti Microbial Agent --- Antiinfectieux. --- Periodicals.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Drug resistance in microorganisms --- Drug resistance in cancer cells --- Anti-Infective Agents --- Antineoplastic Agents --- Drug Resistance --- Communicable Diseases --- Neoplasms --- drug therapy --- Drug Resistance. --- Antineoplastic Agents. --- Anti-Infective Agents. --- Résistance aux médicaments --- Micro-organismes --- Cellules cancéreuses --- Drug resistance in cancer cells. --- Drug resistance in microorganisms. --- drug therapy. --- Antibiotic resistance in microorganisms --- Antibiotics resistance in microorganisms --- Bacterial resistance to antibiotics --- Drug resistance in micro-organisms --- Microbial drug resistance --- Resistance to drugs in microorganisms --- Antitumor drug resistance --- Cancer drug resistance --- Drug resistance in cancer --- Drug resistance in tumor cells --- Anti-Microbial Agents --- Antiinfective Agents --- Antimicrobial Agents --- Microbicides --- Agents, Anti-Infective --- Agents, Anti-Microbial --- Agents, Antiinfective --- Agents, Antimicrobial --- Anti Infective Agents --- Anti Microbial Agents --- Anticancer Agents --- Antineoplastic Drugs --- Antineoplastics --- Antitumor Agents --- Antitumor Drugs --- Cancer Chemotherapy Agents --- Cancer Chemotherapy Drugs --- Chemotherapeutic Anticancer Agents --- Chemotherapeutic Anticancer Drug --- Agents, Anticancer --- Agents, Antineoplastic --- Agents, Antitumor --- Agents, Cancer Chemotherapy --- Agents, Chemotherapeutic Anticancer --- Chemotherapy Agents, Cancer --- Chemotherapy Drugs, Cancer --- Drug, Chemotherapeutic Anticancer --- Drugs, Antineoplastic --- Drugs, Antitumor --- Drugs, Cancer Chemotherapy --- Resistance, Drug --- Microorganisms --- Cancer cells --- Pharmacogenetics --- Effect of drugs on --- Benign Neoplasms --- Malignancy --- Malignant Neoplasms --- Neoplasia --- Neoplasm --- Neoplasms, Benign --- Cancer --- Tumors --- Benign Neoplasm --- Cancers --- Malignancies --- Malignant Neoplasm --- Neoplasias --- Neoplasm, Benign --- Neoplasm, Malignant --- Neoplasms, Malignant --- Tumor --- Medical Oncology --- Infectious Diseases --- Communicable Disease --- Disease, Communicable --- Disease, Infectious --- Diseases, Communicable --- Diseases, Infectious --- Infectious Disease --- Disease Outbreaks --- Disease Transmission, Infectious --- Infections --- Parasites --- Cytotoxins --- Interferon Inducers --- Anticarcinogenic Agents --- Anti-Infective Agent --- Anti-Microbial Agent --- Antimicrobial Agent --- Microbicide --- Agent, Anti-Infective --- Agent, Anti-Microbial --- Agent, Antimicrobial --- Anti Infective Agent --- Anti Microbial Agent --- Anticancer Agent --- Antineoplastic --- Antineoplastic Agent --- Antineoplastic Drug --- Antitumor Agent --- Antitumor Drug --- Cancer Chemotherapy Agent --- Cancer Chemotherapy Drug --- Agent, Anticancer --- Agent, Antineoplastic --- Agent, Antitumor --- Agent, Cancer Chemotherapy --- Chemotherapy Agent, Cancer --- Chemotherapy Drug, Cancer --- Drug, Antineoplastic --- Drug, Antitumor --- Drug, Cancer Chemotherapy --- Drug resistance. --- Anti-infective agents. --- Drug resistance --- Résistance aux médicaments. --- Anticancéreux. --- Antiinfectieux. --- Resistance to drugs --- Pharmacology --- Antiinfective agents --- Antimicrobial agents --- Antimicrobial drugs --- Antimicrobials --- Drugs

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This volume contains monographs prepared at the fifty-eighth meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), which met in Rome, Italy, from 21 to 27 February 2002. The toxicological monographs in this volume summarize the safety data on the veterinary drug residues that were evaluated toxicologically by the Committee, which included two anthelminthic agents (doramectin and tiabendazole) and one antimicrobial agent (cefuroxime). The data summarized in these monographs served as the basis for the evaluations performed by the Committee. This volume and others in the WHO F

Feed additive residues -- Analysis -- Congresses. --- Feed additive residues -- Toxicology -- Congresses. --- Food contamination -- Analysis -- Congresses. --- Veterinary drug residues -- Analysis -- Congresses. --- Veterinary drug residues -- Toxicology -- Congresses. --- Antiparasitic Agents --- Body Burden --- Pharmaceutical Preparations --- Food Safety --- Cefotaxime --- Environmental Pollution --- Evaluation Studies as Topic --- Cephacetrile --- Investigative Techniques --- Public Health --- Anti-Infective Agents --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Therapeutic Uses --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Cephalosporins --- Environment and Public Health --- Health Care --- beta-Lactams --- Pharmacologic Actions --- Thiazines --- Lactams --- Sulfur Compounds --- Azabicyclo Compounds --- Chemical Actions and Uses --- Organic Chemicals --- Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic --- Amides --- Bicyclo Compounds --- Bridged Compounds --- Polycyclic Compounds --- Cefuroxime --- Food Contamination --- Drug Evaluation --- Anthelmintics --- Drug Residues --- Veterinary Drugs --- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic --- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds --- Bridged-Ring Compounds --- Lactims --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Chemical Actions --- Actions, Chemical --- Actions, Pharmacologic --- Critique --- Evaluation --- Evaluation Indexes --- Evaluation Methodology --- Evaluation Report --- Evaluation Research --- Methodology, Evaluation --- Pre-Post Tests --- Qualitative Evaluation --- Quantitative Evaluation --- Theoretical Effectiveness --- Use-Effectiveness --- Critiques --- Effectiveness, Theoretical --- Evaluation Methodologies --- Evaluation Reports --- Evaluation, Qualitative --- Evaluation, Quantitative --- Evaluations --- Evaluations, Qualitative --- Evaluations, Quantitative --- Indexes, Evaluation --- Methodologies, Evaluation --- Pre Post Tests --- Pre-Post Test --- Qualitative Evaluations --- Quantitative Evaluations --- Report, Evaluation --- Reports, Evaluation --- Research, Evaluation --- Test, Pre-Post --- Tests, Pre-Post --- Use Effectiveness --- Pollution, Environmental --- Soil Pollution --- Pollution, Soil --- Aventis Brand of Cefotaxime Sodium --- Aventis Pharma Brand of Cefotaxime Sodium --- Benaxima --- Biosint --- Cefotaxim --- Cefotaxime Sodium --- Cefradil --- Cephotaxim --- Claforan --- Fotexina --- Fustery Brand of Cefotaxime Sodium --- Galen Brand of Cefotaxime Sodium --- HR-756 --- Hoechst Brand of Cefotaxime Sodium --- Kendrick --- Klaforan --- Liomont Brand of Cefotaxime Sodium --- Merck Brand of Cefotaxime Sodium --- Pisa Brand of Cefotaxime Sodium --- Primafen --- Ru-24756 --- Taporin --- Viken Brand of Cefotaxime Sodium --- HR 756 --- HR756 --- Ru 24756 --- Ru24756 --- Sodium, Cefotaxime --- Safety, Food --- Pharmaceutic Preparations --- Pharmaceutical Products --- Preparations, Pharmaceutical --- Drugs --- Preparations, Pharmaceutic --- Products, Pharmaceutical --- Body Burdens --- Burden, Body --- Burdens, Body --- Antiparasitic Drugs --- Antiparasitics --- Parasiticides --- Agents, Antiparasitic --- Drugs, Antiparasitic --- Cephalosporanic Acids --- Antibiotics, Cephalosporin --- Acids, Cephalosporanic --- Cephalosporin Antibiotics --- Therapeutic Effects --- Effects, Therapeutic --- Uses, Therapeutic --- Anti-Microbial Agents --- Antiinfective Agents --- Antimicrobial Agents --- Microbicides --- Agents, Anti-Infective --- Agents, Anti-Microbial --- Agents, Antiinfective --- Agents, Antimicrobial --- Anti Infective Agents --- Anti Microbial Agents --- Environment, Preventive Medicine & Public Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine and Public Health --- Health, Public --- Investigative Technics --- Investigative Technic --- Investigative Technique --- Technic, Investigative --- Technics, Investigative --- Technique, Investigative --- Techniques, Investigative --- Drug, Veterinary --- Pharmaceuticals, Veterinary --- Veterinary Drug --- Veterinary Pharmaceuticals --- Drugs, Veterinary --- Drug Residue --- Residue, Drug --- Residues, Drug --- Antihelmintics --- Vermifuges --- Drug Evaluation Studies --- Evaluation Studies, Drug --- Drug Evaluation Study --- Drug Evaluations --- Evaluation Study, Drug --- Evaluation, Drug --- Evaluations, Drug --- Studies, Drug Evaluation --- Study, Drug Evaluation --- Food Adulteration --- Adulteration, Food --- Adulterations, Food --- Contamination, Food --- Contaminations, Food --- Food Adulterations --- Food Contaminations --- Compounds, Polycyclic --- Chemicals, Organic --- Azabicyclo(1.1.0)Butanes --- Azabicyclo(2.2.2)Octanes --- Azabicyclo(3.3.1)Nonanes --- Azabicyclo(4.3.0)Nonanes --- Azabicyclo(5.2.2)Undecanes --- Compounds, Sulfur --- 4-Thia-1-Azabicyclo(3.2.0)Heptanes --- 4-Thia-1-Azabicyclo(4.2.0)Octanes --- beta Lactams --- C-36278-Ba --- Celospor --- Cephacetrile Sodium --- Cefacetrile --- C 36278 Ba --- C36278Ba --- Sodium, Cephacetrile --- Cephuroxime --- Ketocef --- Zinacef --- Bridged Ring Compounds --- Bicyclo Compounds, Bridged --- Bicyclic Heterocyclic Compounds --- Heterocyclic Bicyclo Compounds --- Heterocyclic Cpds, Bicyclic --- Bicyclic Heterocyclic Cpds --- Heterocyclic Compounds, Bicyclic --- Pharmacological and Toxicological Phenomena --- Drug Therapy --- Environmental Pollutants --- Dietary Exposure --- Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points --- Pharmacology --- Drug Dosage Calculations --- In Vivo Dosimetry --- Infection --- Parasites --- Community Health --- Health, Community --- Preventive Medicine --- Education, Public Health Professional --- Helminthiasis --- Drugs, Investigational --- Hydrocarbons, Cyclic --- Pharmaceuticals --- Infections --- Sulfur Compound --- Compound, Sulfur --- Lactam --- Lactim --- beta-Lactam --- beta Lactam --- Drug --- Pharmaceutical --- Pharmaceutical Preparation --- Pharmaceutical Product --- Preparation, Pharmaceutical --- Product, Pharmaceutical --- Antiparasitic --- Cephalosporanic Acid --- Cephalosporin --- Cephalosporin Antibiotic --- Acid, Cephalosporanic --- Antibiotic, Cephalosporin --- Therapeutic Effect --- Therapeutic Use --- Effect, Therapeutic --- Use, Therapeutic --- Anti-Infective Agent --- Anti-Microbial Agent --- Antimicrobial Agent --- Microbicide --- Agent, Anti-Infective --- Agent, Anti-Microbial --- Agent, Antimicrobial --- Anti Infective Agent --- Anti Microbial Agent --- Anthelmintic --- Antihelmintic --- Vermifuge --- Amide --- Organic Chemical --- Chemical, Organic --- analysis. --- veterinary. --- toxicity. --- Antiparasitic Agents. --- Body Burden. --- Pharmaceutical Preparations. --- Food Safety. --- Cefotaxime. --- Environmental Pollution. --- Evaluation Studies as Topic. --- Cephacetrile. --- Investigative Techniques. --- Public Health. --- Anti-Infective Agents. --- Therapeutic Uses. --- Cephalosporins. --- Environment and Public Health. --- Delivery of Health Care. --- beta-Lactams. --- Pharmacologic Actions. --- Thiazines. --- Lactams. --- Sulfur Compounds. --- Azabicyclo Compounds. --- Chemical Actions and Uses. --- Organic Chemicals. --- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic. --- Amides. --- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds. --- Bridged-Ring Compounds. --- Polycyclic Compounds. --- Cefuroxime.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property rights (TRIPS) requires all WTO members to adopt certain minimum standards for the protection of intellectual property rights including the rights of holders of patents for pharmaceutical products. The adoption of the standards delineated by the TRIPS Agreement appears to have resulted in significant loss of public health policy flexibilities for developing country members with respect to regulating the grant and use of pharmaceutical patents and controlling the cost of medicines. The Agreement, however, provides inherent flexibil

Antiretroviral agents. --- Antiretroviral agents --- Delivery of Health Care --- Anti-Retroviral Agents --- Africa --- Intellectual Property --- Industry --- Patient Care Management --- Geographic Locations --- Antiviral Agents --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture --- Jurisprudence --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Geographicals --- Social Control, Formal --- Health Services Administration --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Health Care --- Anti-Infective Agents --- Therapeutic Uses --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Sociology --- Pharmacologic Actions --- Social Sciences --- Chemical Actions and Uses --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Africa South of the Sahara --- Health Services Accessibility --- Drug Industry --- Anti-HIV Agents --- Patents as Topic --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Clinical Immunology --- Trademarks --- Patents as Topics --- Trademark --- Anti-AIDS Drugs --- Anti-HIV Drugs --- AIDS Drugs --- Anti-AIDS Agents --- Agents, Anti-AIDS --- Agents, Anti-HIV --- Anti AIDS Agents --- Anti AIDS Drugs --- Anti HIV Agents --- Anti HIV Drugs --- Drugs, AIDS --- Drugs, Anti-AIDS --- Drugs, Anti-HIV --- Industries, Pharmaceutic --- Industry, Drug --- Industry, Pharmaceutic --- Industry, Pharmaceutical --- Pharmaceutical Industry --- Drug Industries --- Industries, Drug --- Industries, Pharmaceutical --- Pharmaceutic Industries --- Pharmaceutic Industry --- Pharmaceutical Industries --- Accessibility, Health Services --- Contraceptive Availability --- Health Services Geographic Accessibility --- Program Accessibility --- Access to Health Care --- Accessibility of Health Services --- Availability of Health Services --- Accessibility, Program --- Availability, Contraceptive --- Health Services Availability --- Chemical Actions --- Actions, Chemical --- Actions, Pharmacologic --- General Social Development and Population --- Healthcare Economics and Organizations --- Therapeutic Effects --- Effects, Therapeutic --- Uses, Therapeutic --- Anti-Microbial Agents --- Antiinfective Agents --- Antimicrobial Agents --- Microbicides --- Agents, Anti-Infective --- Agents, Anti-Microbial --- Agents, Antiinfective --- Agents, Antimicrobial --- Anti Infective Agents --- Anti Microbial Agents --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Science, Social --- Sciences, Social --- Social Science --- Administration, Health Services --- Health Services --- Regulation --- Social Control --- Control, Social --- Controls, Social --- Formal Social Control --- Formal Social Controls --- Regulations --- Social Controls --- Healthcare Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Constitutional Law --- Court Decision --- Law --- Legal Aspects --- Legal Obligations --- Legal Status --- State Interest --- Litigation --- Medical Jurisprudence --- Aspect, Legal --- Aspects, Legal --- Constitutional Laws --- Court Decisions --- Decision, Court --- Decisions, Court --- Interest, State --- Interests, State --- Jurisprudence, Medical --- Law, Constitutional --- Laws --- Laws, Constitutional --- Legal Aspect --- Legal Obligation --- Litigations --- Obligation, Legal --- Obligations, Legal --- State Interests --- Status, Legal --- Antiviral Drugs --- Antivirals --- Agents, Antiviral --- Drugs, Antiviral --- Care Management, Patient --- Management, Patient Care --- Tertiary Sector --- Industries --- Sector, Tertiary --- Sectors, Tertiary --- Tertiary Sectors --- Intellectual Properties --- Properties, Intellectual --- Property, Intellectual --- Antiretroviral Agents --- Agents, Anti-Retroviral --- Agents, Antiretroviral --- Anti Retroviral Agents --- Anti-retroviral agents --- Antiretroviral drugs --- Antiretrovirals --- organization & administration --- Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active --- Medically Underserved Area --- Pharmacological and Toxicological Phenomena --- Drug Therapy --- Infection --- Parasites --- Public Policy --- Defamation --- Lawyers --- Interferon Inducers --- Virus Diseases --- Viruses --- Virus Inactivation --- Commerce --- Ethics, Business --- Ownership --- Inventions --- Antiviral agents --- Infections --- Access To Medicines --- Access to Contraception --- Access to Health Services --- Access to Medications --- Access to Therapy --- Access to Treatment --- Contraception Access --- Contraceptive Access --- Medication Access --- Access To Medicine --- Access to Contraceptions --- Access to Medication --- Access to Therapies --- Access to Treatments --- Access, Contraception --- Access, Contraceptive --- Access, Medication --- Contraception, Access to --- Contraceptive Accesses --- Medication Accesses --- Medication, Access to --- Therapy, Access to --- Treatment, Access to --- Health Care Economics --- Health Economics --- Healthcare Economics --- Care Economic, Health --- Economic, Health --- Economic, Health Care --- Economic, Healthcare --- Economics, Health Care --- Health Care Economic --- Health Economic --- Healthcare Economic --- Therapeutic Effect --- Therapeutic Use --- Effect, Therapeutic --- Use, Therapeutic --- Anti-Infective Agent --- Anti-Microbial Agent --- Antimicrobial Agent --- Microbicide --- Agent, Anti-Infective --- Agent, Anti-Microbial --- Agent, Antimicrobial --- Anti Infective Agent --- Anti Microbial Agent --- Antiviral --- Antiviral Agent --- Antiviral Drug --- Agent, Antiviral --- Drug, Antiviral --- Subsaharan Africa --- Africa, Sub-Saharan --- Sub-Saharan Africa --- Access To Care, Health --- Access to Care --- Access to Medicines --- Access to Cares --- Access to Medicine --- Care, Access to --- Cares, Access to --- Medicine, Access to --- Medicines, Access to --- Accessibilities, Health Services --- Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights