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African Americans --- African Americans. --- Noirs américains --- Noirs
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"The African American community." "The black position." In accounts of black politics after the Second World War, these phrases reflect how the African American perspective generally appeared consistent, coherent, and unified. In Racial Democracy and the Black Metropolis , Preston H. Smith II examines housing debates in Chicago that go beyond black and white politics, and he shows how class and factional conflicts among African Americans actually helped to reproduce stunning segregation along economic lines. Class and factional conflicts were normal in the rough-and-tumble world of land use po
African Americans --- Home ownership --- Housing --- History
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African Americans --- Civil rights --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- United States.
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Racial Policies and Practices of Real Estate Brokers was first published in 1969. Dr. Helper, a sociologist, reports on a study which takes a close look at one of the basic problems underlying racial discrimination in housing -- the policies and practices of real estate brokers. She has attempted to find out how real estate men themselves regard their racial practices and to analyze the ideology on which their practices are based. The core of the study is a series of interviews conducted in 1955-1956 with 121 real estate brokers located in three different sections of Chicago.
Discrimination in housing --- African Americans --- Real estate business --- Housing.
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African Americans --- Hip-hop --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Influence. --- Jim Crow laws --- African Americans Legal status, laws, etc.
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The African-American struggle and triumph comes to life in these pages, from the Emancipation Proclamation and racial segregation in the 1800s to the the Harlem Renaissance and the Civil Rights Movement to the first African American president. This volume provides real information on what it meant to be an African American from the 1890s to the present day.
Working class African Americans --- Working class --- African Americans --- Labor --- Occupations --- Social classes --- History. --- Employment --- United States --- Economic conditions.
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Until now, most works on the history of African Americans in advertising have focused on the depiction of blacks in advertisements. As the first comprehensive examination of African American participation in the industry, Madison Avenue and the Color Line breaks new ground by examining the history of black advertising employees and agency owners.For much of the twentieth century, even as advertisers chased African American consumer dollars, the doors to most advertising agencies were firmly closed to African American professionals. Over time, black participation in the industry resulted from the combined efforts of black media, civil rights groups, black consumers, government organizations, and black advertising and marketing professionals working outside white agencies. Blacks positioned themselves for jobs within the advertising industry, especially as experts on the black consumer market, and then used their status to alter stereotypical perceptions of black consumers. By doing so, they became part of the broader effort to build an African American professional and entrepreneurial class and to challenge the negative portrayals of blacks in American culture.Using an extensive review of advertising trade journals, government documents, and organizational papers, as well as personal interviews and the advertisements themselves, Jason Chambers weaves individual biographies together with broader events in U.S. history to tell how blacks struggled to bring equality to the advertising industry.
Advertising --- African American consumers. --- African Americans and mass media. --- African Americans in advertising. --- History. --- African Studies. --- African-American Studies. --- American History. --- American Studies. --- Business. --- Economics.
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