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Argentina approaches its bicentennial as an independent republic and has a window of opportunity in social protection policy. Following the most serious economic crisis in its history during 2001-02, the country mobilized an effort to provide income support to the population in need. Now, as growth has returned and social indicators have recovered to pre-crisis levels, there is an opening to move from emergency income support programs to a more comprehensive, long-term, and sustainable strategy for social protection. The emergency response was effective, as it helped the country to overcome the worst of the crisis. The centerpiece of the strategy, plan Jefes y Jefas, provided benefits to nearly two million households during a period when poverty affected more than half the population and unemployment reached record levels. The number of beneficiaries slowly declined beginning in 2003, and was at nearly one-third of its maximum value by early 2008. This reduction was achieved by the reentry of beneficiaries into the formal labor market, the loss of eligibility, and the shift of beneficiaries to familias and seguro de capacitacion y empleo (Seguro), the successor programs to Jefes. Now that the crisis has passed, the policy debate has shifted toward the future of social protection over the longer term. The improvement in overall economic conditions since 2003 has resulted in a decline in unemployment, poverty, and inequality, and a recovery of formal employment and real salaries to pre-crisis levels. These positive trends have generated opportunities to consider longer-term and structural issues, including a debate over the future of whether this new type of noncontributory social policies, based on income transfers to households and individuals, should continue.--Publisher's description.

Argentina -- Economic policy. --- Argentina -- Social policy. --- Economic assistance, Domestic -- Argentina. --- Income maintenance programs -- Argentina. --- Social security -- Argentina. --- Income maintenance programs --- Economic assistance, Domestic --- Social security --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Argentina --- Economic policy. --- Social policy. --- Anti-poverty programs --- Government economic assistance --- Income transfer programs --- Economic policy --- National service --- Grants-in-aid --- Public welfare --- Transfer payments --- Family allowances --- Guaranteed annual income --- Basic income

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Poverty is South Africa's greatest challenge. But what is 'poverty'? How can it be measured? And how can it be reduced if not eliminated? In South Africa, human science knowledge about the cost of living grew out of colonialism, industrialization, apartheid and civil resistance campaigns, which makes this knowledge far from neutral or apolitical. South Africans have used the Poverty Datum Line (PDL), Gini coefficients and other poverty thresholds to petition the state, to chip away at the pillars of white supremacy, and, more recently, to criticize the postapartheid government's failures to deliver on some of its promises. Rather than promoting one particular policy solution, this book argues that poverty knowledge teaches us about the dynamics of historical change, the power of racism in white settler societies, and the role of grassroots protest movements in shaping state policies and scientific categories. Readers will gain new perspectives on today's debates about social welfare, redistribution and human rights, and will ultimately find reasons to rethink conventional approaches to advocacy.

Poverty --- Income maintenance programs --- Income transfer programs --- Public welfare --- Transfer payments --- Basic income --- Family allowances --- Social security --- Destitution --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Poor --- Subsistence economy --- Government policy --- Measurement --- E-books --- Measurement. --- Income maintenance programs. --- Pauvreté --- Revenu minimum d'insertion --- Government policy. --- Politique gouvernementale --- Social problems --- Social policy --- South Africa

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Few United States government programs are as controversial as those designed to aid the poor. From tax credits to medical assistance, aid to needy families is surrounded by debate-on what benefits should be offered, what forms they should take, and how they should be administered. The past few decades, in fact, have seen this debate lead to broad transformations of aid programs themselves, with Aid to Families with Dependent Children replaced by Temporary Assistance to Needy Families, the Earned Income Tax Credit growing from a minor program to one of the most important for low-income families, and Medicaid greatly expanding its eligibility. This volume provides a remarkable overview of how such programs actually work, offering an impressive wealth of information on the nation's nine largest "means-tested" programs-that is, those in which some test of income forms the basis for participation. For each program, contributors describe origins and goals, summarize policy histories and current rules, and discuss the recipient's characteristics as well as the different types of benefits they receive. Each chapter then provides an overview of scholarly research on each program, bringing together the results of the field's most rigorous statistical examinations. The result is a fascinating portrayal of the evolution and current state of means-tested programs, one that charts a number of shifts in emphasis-the decline of cash assistance, for instance, and the increasing emphasis on work. This exemplary portrait of the nation's safety net will be an invaluable reference for anyone interested in American social policy.

Income maintenance programs - United States - Congresses. --- Income maintenance programs. --- Public welfare. --- Public welfare - United States - Congresses. --- Economic History --- Business & Economics --- Income maintenance programs --- Public welfare --- Income transfer programs --- Transfer payments --- Family allowances --- Guaranteed annual income --- Social security --- Basic income --- economics, economy, economical research, united states of america, usa, american society, welfare system, government programs, governing bodies, aid, tax credits, medical assistance, support, low income families, participation, policy history, maintenance program, medicaid, food and nutrition, housing, households, child care, employment, private vs public, statistical examinations, statistics.

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Marginal in status a decade ago, cash transfer programs have become the preferred channel for delivering emergency aid or tackling poverty in low- and middle-income countries. While these programs have had positive effects, they are typical of top-down development interventions in that they impose on local contexts standardized norms and procedures regarding conditionality, targeting, and delivery. This book sheds light on the crucial importance of these contexts and the many unpredicted consequences of cash transfer programs worldwide - detailing how the latter are used by actors to pursue their own strategies, and how external norms are reinterpreted, circumvented, and contested by local populations.

Income maintenance programs --- Poverty --- Poor --- Economic development --- Social aspects --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Income transfer programs --- Public welfare --- Transfer payments --- Family allowances --- Guaranteed annual income --- Social security --- #SBIB:39A4 --- #SBIB:327.4H61 --- Toegepaste antropologie --- Derde wereld: economische ontwikkeling --- Basic income --- Sécurité du revenu --- Pauvreté --- Pauvres --- Développement économique --- Aspect social --- Income maintenance programs - Developing countries --- Poverty - Developing countries --- Poor - Developing countries --- Economic development - Social aspects - Developing countries --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Anthropology / Cultural & Social. --- Cash Transfer Programs. --- Development Studies. --- Global Development. --- Humanitarian. --- Policy Analysis. --- Social Protection. --- Sécurité du revenu --- Pauvreté --- Développement économique