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Published for more than eighty years, the Milbank Quarterly features peer-reviewed original research, policy review, and analysis, as well as commentary from academics, clinicians, and policymakers. Its multidisciplinary approach and commitment to applying the best empirical research to practical policymaking offers in-depth assessments of the social, economic, historical, legal, and ethical dimensions of health and health care policy.

Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- Social medicine --- Medical policy --- Medical economics --- Health insurance --- Public health --- Delivery of Health Care --- Public Health --- Médecine sociale --- Politique sanitaire --- Economie de la santé --- Assurance-maladie --- Santé publique --- Periodicals --- periodicals --- United States --- Périodiques --- Milbank Memorial Fund --- Periodicals. --- Delivery of Health Care. --- Public Health. --- Medical policy. --- Public health. --- Social medicine. --- Milbank Memorial Fund. --- United States. --- Social Medicine. --- #BA01447 --- Medicine, Social --- Health Sciences --- General and Others --- Medical Education, Training & Research --- Medical Informatics --- Law --- Crime, Criminology and Law Enforcement --- Health Sciences. --- Médecine sociale --- Economie de la santé --- Santé publique --- Périodiques --- EBSCOASP-E EBSCOBSP-E EJSANTE EJSOCIA EPUB-ALPHA-M EPUB-PER-FT JSTOR-E PUBMED-E WILEY-E --- Social Medicine --- periodicals. --- Primary Health 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Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- 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This study of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) explains in detail how public officials in the executive branch and Congress overcame strong opposition from business and organized labor to pass landmark legislation regulating employer-sponsored retirement and health plans. Before Congress passed ERISA, federal law gave employers and unions great discretion in the design and operation of employee benefit plans. Most importantly, firms and unions could and often did establish pension plans that placed employees at great risk for not receiving any retirement benefits. In the early 1960's, officials in the executive branch proposed a number of regulatory initiatives to protect employees, but business groups and most labor unions objected to the key proposals. Faced with opposition from powerful interest groups, legislative entrepreneurs in Congress, chiefly New York Republican senator Jacob K. Javits, took the case for pension reform directly to voters by publicizing frightening statistics and "horror stories" about pension plans. This deft and successful effort to mobilize the media and public opinion overwhelmed the business community and organized labor and persuaded Javits's colleagues in Congress to support comprehensive pension reform legislation. The enactment of ERISA in September 1974 recast federal policy for private pension plans by making worker security an overriding objective of federal law.

Pension trusts --- Law and legislation --- History. --- United States. --- Employee pension trusts --- Pension funds --- Pension plans --- Trusts and trustees --- business economics. --- capitalism. --- congress. --- employee benefits. --- employee retirement income security act. --- erisa. --- federal law. --- finance. --- free markets. --- government policy. --- government regulation. --- health plans. --- health policy. --- history. --- insurance. --- jacob k javits. --- javits. --- labor unions. --- labor. --- legislation. --- marxism. --- nonfiction. --- pension reform. --- pensions. --- personal finance. --- political history. --- politics. --- private pension plans. --- retirement plans. --- retirement. --- unions. --- worker security.