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Migration. Refugees --- Social stratification --- Economic sociology --- Western Europe --- Foreign workers

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-Ausländischer Jugendlicher. --- Ausländischer Jugendlicher. --- Ausländisches Kind. --- Sozialpädagogik. --- Deutschland (Bundesrepublik). --- Education --- Children of foreign workers --- Integration. --- Education. --- Germany (West).

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Alien labor, Arab --- Arabs --- Immigrants --- Race discrimination --- Public opinion --- Opinion publique --- Congresses --- Congrès --- Foreign workers, Arab --- Congresses. --- Congrès --- Arbeiders (Buitenlandse). Europa. (Congres) --- Immigrés. Europe. (Congrès) --- Travailleurs étrangers. Europe. (Congrès) --- Immigranten. Europa. (Congres) --- Foreign workers, Arab - Europe - Congresses --- Arabs - Europe - Congresses --- Immigrants - Europe - Congresses --- Race discrimination - Europe - Congresses --- Arabs - Public opinion - Europe - Congresses

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L'ouvrage examine la politique de l'immigration menée en Belgique depuis 1974 : les actions en matière d'emploi et d'intégration à la vie sociale, l'insuccès d'une stratégie d'intégration aux plans culturel, religieux et scolaire, les occasions manquées de créer une nouvelle citoyenneté, pour s'achever sur le constat d'un déficit démocratique important.

Migration. Refugees --- Labour market --- Social policy --- Belgium --- Belgique --- België --- Immigratie --- Immigration --- Politiek --- Politique --- Emigration and immigration --- Government policy --- Emigration et immigration --- Politique gouvernementale --- Immigrés --- --Politique --- --Intégration --- --migrantenbeleid --- Alien labor --- -Immigrants --- -325.14 <493> --- 316.347.2 <493> --- #A9802A --- Emigrants --- Foreign-born population --- Foreign population --- Foreigners --- Migrants --- Persons --- Aliens --- Foreign labor --- Guest workers --- Guestworkers --- Immigrant labor --- Immigrant workers --- Migrant labor (Foreign workers) --- Migrant workers (Foreign workers) --- Employees --- 325 --- Social conditions --- Employment --- -Government policy. --- Foreign workers --- Immigrants --- Social conditions. --- migrantenbeleid --- -325.141 --- 325.14 <493> --- migrantenbeleid - diversiteit --- --Foreign workers --- België --- Bélgica --- Royaume de Belgique --- Belgii︠a︡ --- Kingdom of Belgium --- Koninkrijk van België --- Königreich Belgien --- Bèlgia --- Koninkryk van België --- Königriich Belgie --- Koninkrijk België --- Belgice --- Belgice Cynerīce --- بلجيكا --- Baljīkā --- مملكة بلجيكا --- Mamlakat Baljīkā --- Belchica --- Reino de Belchica --- Belghia --- Vãsilia di Belghia --- Royômo de Bèlg·ique --- Bélxica --- Reinu de Bélxica --- Bilkiya --- Bilgasuyu --- Bilhika Qhapaqsuyu --- Belçika --- Belçika Krallığı --- Бельгия --- Бельгия Короллеге --- Belʹgii︠a︡ Korollege --- Бельгія --- Belʹhii︠a︡ --- Каралеўства Бельгія --- Karaleŭstva Belʹhii︠a︡ --- Belhika --- Bäigien --- Kinigraich Bäigien --- Belgija --- Kraljevina Belgija --- Белгия --- Regne de Bèlgica --- Бельги --- Belʹgi --- Belgické království --- Gwlad Belg --- Teyrnas Gwlad Belg --- Belgien --- Kongeriget Belgien --- Bélgii Bikéyah --- Belgiska --- Kralojstwo Belgiskej --- Belgia Kuningriik --- Βέλγιο --- Velgio --- Βασίλειο του Βελγίου --- Vasileio tou Velgiou --- Reino de Bélgica --- Belgio --- Reĝlando Belgio --- Belgujo --- Belgika --- Belgje --- Belgjo --- Belgjiche --- Bheilg --- Ríocht na Beilge --- Velg --- Reeriaght ny Belg --- Belgiya --- Rìoghachd na Beilge --- Pí-li-sṳ̀ --- Belʹjmudin Nutg --- Pelekiuma --- Regno del Belgio --- בלגיה --- Belgiyah --- ממלכת בלגיה --- Mamlekhet Belgiyah --- Belgijskô --- Pow Belg --- Ruwvaneth Belgek --- Ububiligi --- Ububirigi --- Igihugu cyʼUbubirigi --- Ubelgiji --- Ufalme wa Ubelgiji --- Belezi --- Nsi ya ntotila ya Belezi --- Bèljik --- Beljika --- Beļgeja --- Beļg̓ijas Karaliste --- Belsch --- Kinnekräich Belsch --- Belgijos Karalystė --- Belsj --- Keuninkriek Belsj --- Beldjym --- Belga Királyság --- Белгија --- ベルギー --- Berugī --- 325.141 --- Government policy. --- Social aspects --- --Belgium --- Noncitizen labor --- Noncitizens --- 320 --- migration --- sociale vraagstukken --- questions sociales --- Intégration --- BELGIQUE --- RACISME --- XENOPHOBIE --- IMMIGRES --- EMIGRATION ET IMMIGRATION --- CONDITIONS SOCIALES --- INTEGRATION --- HISTOIRE --- 20E SIECLE

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Belgium has a unique place in the history of migration in that it was the first among industrialized nations in Continental Europe to develop into an immigrant society. In the nineteenth century Italians, Jews, Poles, Czechs, and North Africans settled in Belgium to work in industry and commerce. They were followed by Russians in the 1920s and Germans in the 1930s who were seeking a safe haven from persecution by totalitarian regimes. In the nineteenth century immigrants were to a larger extent integrated into Belgian society: they were denied political rights but participated on equal terms with Belgians in social life. This changed radically in the twentieth century; by 1940 the rights of aliens were severely curtailed, while those of Belgian citizens, in particular in the social domain, were extended. While the state evolved into a welfare state for its citizens it became more of a police state for immigrants. The state only tolerated immigrants who were prepared to carry out those jobs that were shunned by the Belgians. Under the pressure of public opinion, an exception was made in the cases of thousands of Jewish refugees that had fled from Nazi Germany. However, other immigrants were subjected to harsh regulations and in fact became the outcasts of twentieth-century Belgian liberal society.This remarkable study examines in depth and over a long time span how (anti-) alien policies were transformed, resulting in an illiberal exclusion of foreigners at the same time as democratization and the welfare state expanded. In this respect Belgium is certainly not unique but offers an interesting case study of developments that are characteristic for Europe as a whole.

Migratie --- Beleid --- België --- Gastarbeider --- Vluchteling --- Vreemdeling --- Foreign workers --- Immigrants --- Travailleurs étrangers --- Social conditions. --- Conditions sociales --- Belgium --- Belgique --- Emigration and immigration --- Economic aspects. --- Emigration et immigration --- Aspect économique --- 325.14 --- 325 --- #ECO:01.14:economie sociale zekerheid pensioenen gezondheid werkloosheidsuitkering --- 325 <09> <493> --- 325 <493> --- 338 <09> <493> --- 668.1 Migrantenbeleid --- #A0204A --- 338 <09> <493> Economische geschiedenis--België --- Economische geschiedenis--België --- 325 <493> Landverhuizing. Kolonisatie. Immigratie. Emigratie --(politiek)--België --- Landverhuizing. Kolonisatie. Immigratie. Emigratie --(politiek)--België --- 325 <09> <493> Koloniale geschiedenis --(politieke wetenschappen)--België --- Koloniale geschiedenis --(politieke wetenschappen)--België --- Emigrants --- Foreign-born population --- Foreign population --- Foreigners --- Migrants --- Persons --- Alien labor --- Foreign labor --- Guest workers --- Guestworkers --- Immigrant labor --- Immigrant workers --- Migrant labor (Foreign workers) --- Migrant workers (Foreign workers) --- Noncitizen labor --- Noncitizens --- Employees --- Social conditions --- immigratie --- Social sciences International migration --- Employment --- Bäigien --- Baljīkā --- Belchica --- Belçika --- Belçika Krallığı --- Beldjym --- Belezi --- Belga Királyság --- Beļgeja --- Belghia --- Belʹgi --- Bèlgia --- Belgia Kuningriik --- Bélgica --- Belgice --- Belgice Cynerīce --- Belgické království --- België --- Belgien --- Bélgii Bikéyah --- Belgii︠a︡ --- Belʹgii︠a︡ Korollege --- Belgija --- Beļg̓ijas Karaliste --- Belgijos Karalystė --- Belgijskô --- Belgika --- Belgio --- Belgiska --- Belgiya --- Belgiyah --- Belgje --- Belgjiche --- Belgjo --- Belgujo --- Belʹhii︠a︡ --- Belhika --- Bèljik --- Beljika --- Belʹjmudin Nutg --- Belsch --- Belsj --- Bélxica --- Berugī --- Bheilg --- Bilgasuyu --- Bilhika Qhapaqsuyu --- Bilkiya --- Gwlad Belg --- Igihugu cyʼUbubirigi --- Karaleŭstva Belʹhii︠a︡ --- Keuninkriek Belsj --- Kingdom of Belgium --- Kinigraich Bäigien --- Kinnekräich Belsch --- Kongeriget Belgien --- Königreich Belgien --- Königriich Belgie --- Koninkrijk België --- Koninkrijk van België --- Koninkryk van België --- Kraljevina Belgija --- Kralojstwo Belgiskej --- Mamlakat Baljīkā --- Mamlekhet Belgiyah --- Nsi ya ntotila ya Belezi --- Pelekiuma --- Pow Belg --- Reeriaght ny Belg --- Reĝlando Belgio --- Regne de Bèlgica --- Regno del Belgio --- Reino de Belchica --- Reino de Bélgica --- Reinu de Bélxica --- Ríocht na Beilge --- Rìoghachd na Beilge --- Royaume de Belgique --- Royômo de Bèlg·ique --- Ruwvaneth Belgek --- Teyrnas Gwlad Belg --- Ubelgiji --- Ububiligi --- Ububirigi --- Ufalme wa Ubelgiji --- Vasileio tou Velgiou --- Vãsilia di Belghia --- Velg --- Velgio --- Βασίλειο του Βελγίου --- Βέλγιο --- Каралеўства Бельгія --- Бельги --- Бельгия --- Бельгия Короллеге --- Бельгія --- Белгия --- Белгија --- ממלכת בלגיה --- בלגיה --- بلجيكا --- مملكة بلجيكا --- ベルギー --- Labour market --- anno 1800-1999 --- Immigrants - Belgium - Social conditions. --- Belgium - Emigration and immigration - Economic aspects. --- Alien labor - Belgium. --- EMIGRATION -- 327 --- GUEST WORKERS -- 327 --- ILLEGAL ALIENS -- 327 --- IMMIGRANTS -- 327 --- IMMIGRATION -- 327 --- REFUGEES -- 327 --- BELGIUM -- 327