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Why did the twelfth-century canons at the Lateran church (San Giovanni in Laterano) in Rome claim the presence of the Ark of the Covenant inside their high altar? This book argues that the claim responded to new challenges in the aftermath of the First Crusade in 1099. The Christian possession of Jerusalem questioned the legitimation of the papal cathedral in Rome as the summit of sacerdotal representation. To meet this challenge, what may be described as translatio templi (the transfer of the temple) was used to strengthen the status of the Lateran. The Ark of the Covenant was central as part of the treasure from the Jerusalem temple, allegedly transported to Rome, and according to contemporary accounts depicted on the arch of Titus. The author explores the history of the Lateran Ark of the Covenant through a reading of the description of the Lateran Church (Descriptio Lateranensis Ecclesiae), composed around 1100. She follows the transmission of the text both in the Lateran Archive and in a monastic settings in northern France and Belgium, comparing the claim to the Ark with similar claims in texts from Jerusalem. The book also includes a new edition of the Descriptio and an English translation.

Ark of the Covenant --- Basilica di S. Giovanni in Laterano --- History --- Roma --- Latran --- Reliques --- Arche d'alliance --- Ark of the Covenant. --- History. --- Mercy seat --- Jews --- Tabernacle --- Worship in the Bible --- Yom Kippur --- Antiquities --- Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano --- Basilique St Jean de Latran --- San Giovanni in Laterano (Basilica : Rome, Italy) --- S. Giovanni in Laterano (Basilica : Rome, Italy) --- Basilica del Laterano (Rome, Italy) --- Basilica Salvatoris (Rome, Italy) --- Saint John Lateran (Basilica : Rome, Italy) --- St. John's in the Lateran (Basilica : Rome, Italy) --- Rome (City). --- Arch of Titus. --- Descriptio Lateranensis Ecclesiae. --- First Crusade. --- Historical accounts. --- Holy Relics. --- Jerusalem. --- Lateran Church. --- Legitimation. --- Temple transfer. --- Tradition. --- Translatio templi. --- Laterano

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This book provides an innovative analysis of the complex issue of judicial convergence and fragmentation in international human rights law, moving the conversation forward from the assessment of the two phenomena and investigating their triggering factors. With a wide geographical focus that include the most up-to-date case-law from the three main regional systems (the African, European and Inter-American) and the UN Human Rights Committee, the book confirms the predominant judicial convergence across international human rights law. On this basis, the book engages with an interdisciplinary investigation into the legal and non-legal factors that could explain both convergence and fragmentation, ranging from the use of judicial dialogue and the notions of necessity and proportionality to the composition of the courts and the role of NGOs. The aim is to provide the tools to understand the dynamics between human rights adjudicatory bodies and possibly foresee future instances of judicial fragmentation.

Human rights. --- International human rights courts. --- United Nations. --- Human rights courts, International --- International courts --- Basic rights --- Civil rights (International law) --- Human rights --- Rights, Human --- Rights of man --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions --- Law and legislation --- UN-Menschenrechtsausschuss --- MRK (Organization) --- Human Rights Committee of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights --- HRC (Organization) --- Human Rights Committee (United Nations) --- Regionalism (International organization)

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Droits des femmes --- Emancipatie van de vrouw --- Emancipation de la femme --- Emancipation of women --- Femmes [Droits des ] --- Femmes--Emancipation --- Rechten van de vrouw --- Vrouwen--Emancipatie --- Vrouwenrechten --- Women's liberation --- Women--Emancipatie --- Women--Rights of women --- Pregnant women --- Violence against. --- Human rights. --- Women --- Women's rights. --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Human rights --- United Nations --- Women's rights --- Violence against --- Human females --- Wimmin --- Woman --- Womon --- Womyn --- Females --- Human beings --- Femininity --- Rights of women --- Expectant mothers --- Gravida --- Mothers --- Pregnancy --- Legal status, laws, etc --- Civil rights --- Law and legislation --- United Nations. --- DESC --- Comité DESC --- ESCR Committee --- UN-Menschenrechtsausschuss --- MRK (Organization) --- Human Rights Committee of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights --- HRC (Organization) --- Human Rights Committee (United Nations) --- Women Violence against --- Droit international --- Défense des droits de l'homme --- Nations Unies --- Femmes enceintes --- Viol --- Violence familiale --- Mutilations sexuelles --- Avortement --- Droit --- Femmes --- Protection, assistance, etc. --- Philosophie --- Droits --- Violence --- Reproductive health --- Organizations --- Sexually transgressive behavior --- Rape --- Policy --- Book --- Abortion

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This volume examines the different and sometimes contradictory approaches of four UN human rights committees to the concept of religion. Drawing on critical perspectives from religious studies, the book combines a genealogical assessment of the role of religion in international law with a detailed textual study of the reporting practice of the committees monitoring racial discrimination, civil and political rights, women's rights, and children's rights. Årsheim argues that the role of religion within the rights traditions monitored by the committees varies to the extent that their recommendations risk contradicting one another, thereby undermining their credibility and potential to bring about real change on the ground: Where some committees view religion singularly as a core individual right, others see religion partly as an inherent threat to the realization of other rights, but also as a potent social force to be reckoned with. In order to remedy this situation, Årsheim proposes the publication of a joint general comment by all the committees, spelling out their approach to the role of religion in the implementation of human rights.

Religious issues & debates --- Sociology --- Law. --- United Nations. --- human rights. --- religion. --- CEDAW --- CEDAW Committee --- Committee on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women --- Convenção para a Eliminação de Todas as Formas de Discriminação Contra a Mulher --- Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (Organization) --- Komite PBB Untuk Penghapusan Diskriminasi Terhadap Perempuan --- Sīdāw --- Sīḍō --- Yŏsŏng Ch'abyŏl Ch'ŏlp'ye Wiwŏnhoe --- CERD --- CERD Committee --- Comité para la Eliminación de la Discriminación Racial de Naciones Unidas-CERD --- United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination --- UN-Menschenrechtsausschuss --- MRK (Organization) --- Human Rights Committee of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights --- HRC (Organization) --- Human Rights Committee (United Nations) --- CRC --- UN Committee on the Rights of the Child --- Committee on the Rights of the Child (United Nations) --- Comité des droits de l'enfant --- Comité sobre los Derechos del Niño de Naciones Unidas --- Comité Internacional de los Derechos del Niño del Sistema de Naciones Unidas

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Trente ans après son entrée en vigueur (le 23 mars 1976), le Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques, fort de 160 Etats parties, s’impose désormais comme le traité universel de protection des droits de l’homme. Dans ce contexte, les interprétations du Pacte que propose le Comité des droits de l’homme des Nations Unies ne peuvent être ignorées. En effet, dans l’exercice de ses compétences sur la communication individuelle que lui confie le premier protocole, cet organe quasi-juridictionnel a construit patiemment une jurisprudence tout à fait stimulante qui fait de plus en plus autorité en droit international des droits de l’homme, mais qui reste encore souvent négligée par la doctrine. Cet ouvrage vise à rendre compte de cette jurisprudence, droit par droit, et à expliciter les règles de procédure qui président à l’examen de ces plaintes individuelles. Ludovic Hennebel est docteur en droit et diplômé de l’Institut international des droits de l’homme – René Cassin. Il est membre de l’Institut Magna Carta et du Centre Perelman de philosophie du droit de l’Université libre de Bruxelles et est affilié au Centre for Human Rights and global Justice de la New York University en tant que chercheur visiteur. Il est notamment l’auteur de l’ouvrage "La convention américaine des droits de l’homme : étendue des droits et libertés et mécanismes de protection", paru dans la collection Publications de l’Institut international des droits de l’homme – René Cassin aux éditions Bruylant, en 2007.

Convention internationale pour les droits civils et politiques (1966) --- ICCPR --- Internationaal Verdrag inzake burgerrechten en politieke rechten (1966) --- International covenant on civil and political rigths (1966) --- PIDCP --- Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques (1966) --- Human rights --- Droits de l'homme (Droit international) --- United Nations. --- International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights --- Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques --- Human Rights --- United Nations --- BPB0903 --- Jurisprudence --- Droits de l'homme --- ONU --- Jurisprudentie --- Rechten van de mens --- Organisatie van de Verenigde Naties --- Basic rights --- Civil rights (International law) --- Rights, Human --- Rights of man --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions --- Law and legislation --- UN-Menschenrechtsausschuss --- MRK (Organization) --- Human Rights Committee of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights --- HRC (Organization) --- Human Rights Committee (United Nations) --- United Nations. Human Rights Committee --- ONZ --- VN --- UNO --- OZN --- JTO --- YK --- ОУН --- FN --- ANO --- ΟΗΕ --- Organizacija Ujedinjenih naroda --- ÜRO --- ООН --- OKB --- ОН --- OSN --- United Nations Organisation --- UN system --- Společnost národů --- sistema de las Naciones Unidas --- Egyesült Nemzetek --- Förenta nationerna --- Förenta nationernas organisation --- Organizația Națiunilor Unite --- Ühinenud Rahvaste Organisatsiooni süsteem --- ANO sistēma --- Организација уједињених нација --- Ηνωμένα Έθνη --- систем на ОН --- Yhdistyneiden Kansakuntien järjestelmä --- Spojené národy --- Kombet e Bashkuara --- Verenigde Naties --- Организация на обединените нации --- Οργανισμός Ηνωμένων Εθνών --- Apvienoto Nāciju Organizācija --- Ühinenud Rahvaste Organisatsioon --- United Nations system --- Egyesült Nemzetek Szervezete --- систем на Обединетите нации --- система на ООН --- OUN --- De Forenede Nationer --- Jungtinės Tautos --- sistemi i Kombeve të Bashkuara --- Organizacija združenih narodov --- FN-systemet --- sistema das Nações Unidas --- VN-systeem --- Naciones Unidas --- Organizata e Kombeve të Bashkuara --- sistem Združenih narodov --- Nazioni Unite --- System der Vereinten Nationen --- organen Verenigde Naties --- Jungtinių Tautų Organizacija Jungtinės Tautos --- systeem van de Verenigde Naties --- Sociedad de Naciones --- Nations unies --- Organisation des Nations unies --- NN.UU. --- agendy ONZ --- Organizace spojených národů --- Organización de las Naciones Unidas --- sistema delle Nazioni Unite --- Système des Nations unies --- Sistemul Națiunilor Unite --- sistemi i OKB-së --- Apvienotās Nācijas --- Jungtinių Tautų sistema --- systém OSN --- Организација на обединетите нации --- Nações Unidas --- σύστημα των Ηνωμένων Εθνών --- Yhdistyneet Kansakunnat --- az Egyesült Nemzetek rendszere --- system Narodów Zjednoczonych --- Organisation der Vereinten Nationen --- Vereinte Nationen --- Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite --- Organizácia Spojených národov --- United Nations Organization --- cásdlí --- sodna praksa --- судска пракса --- case-law --- giurisprudenza --- jurisprudență --- съдебна практика --- судска практика --- każistika --- jurisprudência --- soudcovské právo --- Rechtsprechung --- prípadové právo --- pretsedendiõigus --- retspraksis --- jurisprudentie --- νομολογία --- orzecznictwo --- praktikë gjyqësore --- sudska praksa --- esetjog --- rättspraxis --- teismų praktika --- oikeuskäytäntö --- jurisprudencia --- tiesu prakse --- teismų teisė --- case law --- преседан --- precedents --- ítélkezési gyakorlat --- jurisprudencija --- človekove pravice --- derechos humanos --- ľudské práva --- prawa człowieka --- ljudska prava --- δικαιώματα του ανθρώπου --- човешки права --- human rights --- inimõigused --- cilvēktiesības --- rechten van de mens --- lidská práva --- cearta an duine --- ihmisoikeudet --- direitos humanos --- људска права --- emberi jogok --- menneskerettigheder --- човекови права --- drittijiet tal-bniedem --- mänskliga rättigheter --- žmogaus teisės --- të drejtat e njeriut --- diritti umani --- drepturile omului --- Menschenrechte --- kršenje ljudskih prava --- Verletzung der Menschenrechte --- diritti fondamentali dell'uomo --- Verteidigung der Menschenrechte --- nezadatelná práva --- ανθρώπινα δικαιώματα --- nepromlčitelná práva --- pasikėsinimas į žmogaus teises --- фундаментални слободи и права на човекот и граѓанинот --- zaštita ljudskih prava --- porušování lidských práv --- atentado a los derechos humanos --- Schutz der Menschenrechte --- mbrojtje e të drejtave të njeriut --- krænkelse af menneskerettighederne --- cilvēktiesību apdraudējums --- παραβίαση των δικαιωμάτων του ανθρώπου --- violarea drepturilor omului --- aantasting van de rechten van de mens --- porušenie ľudských práv --- Beeinträchtigung der Menschenrechte --- mensenrechten --- emberi jogok védelme --- emberi jogok megsértése --- kränkning av mänskliga rättigheter --- atteinte aux droits de l'homme --- útok na ľudské práva --- ihmisoikeusloukkaus --- προσβολή των δικαιωμάτων του ανθρώπου --- attack on human rights --- protección de los derechos humanos --- cilvēktiesību aizsardzība --- bescherming van de rechten van de mens --- salvaguardia dei diritti dell'uomo --- proteção dos direitos humanos --- tilsidesættelse af menneskerettighederne --- ihmisoikeuksien suojelu --- protezione dei diritti umani --- Конвенција за заштита на човековите права и основните слободи --- skydd av mänskliga rättigheter --- violación de los derechos humanos --- cilvēktiesību pārkāpums --- ochrana ľudských práv --- žmogaus teisių apsauga --- ihmisoikeuksien uhkaaminen --- prava čovjeka --- derechos del hombre --- rispetto dei diritti dell'uomo --- schending van de rechten van de mens --- inimõiguste kaitse --- protecția drepturilor omului --- shkelje e të drejtave të njeriut --- violação dos direitos humanos --- brott mot mänskliga rättigheter --- beskyttelse af menneskerettigheder --- ochrana lidských práv --- inimõiguste ohustamine --- violation des droits de l'homme --- повреда на граѓанските права --- cenim i të drejtave të njeriut --- žmogaus teisių pažeidimas --- cilvēka pamattiesības --- граѓански слободи и права --- προστασία των δικαιωμάτων του ανθρώπου --- ofensa aos direitos humanos --- заштита на правата и слободите на граѓаните --- кршење на човековите права --- human rights violation --- violazione dei diritti umani --- protection of human rights --- inimõiguste rikkumine --- reato contro i diritti dell'uomo --- protection des droits de l'homme --- Eagraíocht na Náisiún Aontaithe --- DROIT INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC --- PROTECTION DES DROITS DE L'HOMME --- COMITE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME