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Gene silencing --- RNA --- Gene Silencing. --- RNA Interference. --- Gene silencing. --- RNA.
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Epigenetics. --- Gene silencing. --- Gene inactivation --- Inactivation, Gene --- Silencing, Gene --- Genetic regulation --- Genetics
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Gene silencing --- RNA --- Basic Sciences. Genetics --- Genetics (General) --- Genetics (General). --- Gene silencing - Laboratory manuals --- RNA - Laboratory manuals --- Rna --- Sequence analysis, rna
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Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders affecting the central nervous system. Despite significant differences in their causes, neuropathological abnormalities, and clinical outcomes, some similarities can be found among them, as for example: 1) frequent aggregation and deposition of misfolded proteins, 2) common molecular mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration, and 3) certain overlap in symptoms and clinical features. To date, there is no cure that could stop or delay the progression of these diseases. The advent of advanced gene therapy techniques such as gene silencing and gene editing opened a new avenue for the development of therapeutic strategies for NDs. The discovery of the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism, in 1998, by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello allowed an important boost to the gene therapy field, providing a potential therapeutic strategy to treat inherited dominant genetic disorders. The use of small RNA sequences to control the expression of disease-causing genes rapidly implemented in the preclinical studies for different diseases. In the field of NDs, several successful studies using this technology proved its potential as a therapeutic option. However, issues like the type of delivery system (non-viral versus viral) or the potential toxicity of the small RNA molecules, made the translation of gene silencing therapeutics to human application very slow and difficult. Recently, a new hope in the gene therapy field emerged with the development of gene editing techniques like TALENs or CRISPR/Cas9 systems. The opportunity of editing or deleting gene sequences drove the scientific community euphoric, with an enormous increase in the number of published studies using this type of techniques. Recently, the first clinical trial using one of these systems was approved in China. For NDs, gene-editing technology also represents an important therapeutic option, and the first preclinical studies are now being published, showing the potential accomplishment for this technology.
Gene silencing --- Long non-coding RNAs --- RNA interference --- Neurodegenerative diseases --- CRISPR/Cas9 --- Neurodegeneration --- Gene editing --- Antisense oligonucleotides --- Neuroinflammation --- iPS cells --- Gene silencing --- Long non-coding RNAs --- RNA interference --- Neurodegenerative diseases --- CRISPR/Cas9 --- Neurodegeneration --- Gene editing --- Antisense oligonucleotides --- Neuroinflammation --- iPS cells
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Plant viruses impose a serious threat on agriculture, which motivates extensive breeding efforts for viral resistant crops and inspires lasting interests on basic research to understand the mechanisms underlying plant immunity against viruses. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites. Their genomes are usually small and only encode a few products that are essential to hijack host machinery for their nucleotide and protein biosynthesis, and that are necessary to suppress host immunity. Plants evolved multilayers of defense mechanisms to defeat viral infection. In this research topic, we gathered 13 papers covering recent advances in different aspects of plant immunity against viruses, including reviews on RNA silencing and R gene based immunity and their application, translational initiation factor mediated recessive resistance, genome editing based viral immunity, role of chloroplast in plant-virus interaction, and research articles providing new mechanistic insights on plant-virus interactions. We hope that this Research Topic helps readers to have a better understanding of the progresses that have been made recently in plant immunity against viruses. A deeper understanding of plant antiviral immunity will facilitate the development of innovative approaches for crop protections and improvements.
Virus --- Hormone --- Plant Immunity --- NBS-LRR --- Soybean mosaic virus --- Cucumber mosaic virus --- Genome editing --- RNA silencing --- Chloroplast --- Recessive Resistance --- Virus --- Hormone --- Plant Immunity --- NBS-LRR --- Soybean mosaic virus --- Cucumber mosaic virus --- Genome editing --- RNA silencing --- Chloroplast --- Recessive Resistance
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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
Medicine --- Immunology --- organ transplantation --- marginal donors --- expanded criteria donors --- machine perfusion --- organ allocation --- graft survival --- delayed graft function --- antigen silencing --- organ transplantation --- marginal donors --- expanded criteria donors --- machine perfusion --- organ allocation --- graft survival --- delayed graft function --- antigen silencing
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genetica --- moleculaire biologie --- Molecular biology --- RNA (ribonucleic acid) --- Gene silencing --- RNA --- Inactivation génétique --- ARN --- 577.213 --- Reproduction of inheritance information. Replication --- Gene silencing. --- RNA. --- 577.213 Reproduction of inheritance information. Replication --- Inactivation génétique --- Ribonucleic acid --- Ribose nucleic acid --- Nucleic acids --- Ribose --- Gene inactivation --- Inactivation, Gene --- Silencing, Gene --- Genetic regulation --- Genetic regulation. --- Genetic Phenomena. --- Genetic Phenomena --- Rna interference
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This book examines how post-transcriptional mechanisms control endocrine function. This includes newly identified regulatory mechanisms involved in hormone biosynthesis, control of hormone receptors and the outputs of hormone mediated signal transduction. Chapters address endocrine hormones including protein peptide/peptide, steroid, and non-steroidal hormones. The impacts of these mechanisms on disease and health are covered, providing a novel update to the scientific literature. Post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms play an essential role in controlling dynamic gene expression. The outcome of this regulation includes control of the amount, timing, and location of protein expression. Regulation is mediated by cis-acting RNA sequences and structures and transacting RNA binding proteins and non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs. Recent advances in characterization of these regulatory factors have revealed enormous regulatory potential.
Physiology --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Endocrinology. --- RNA interference. --- Co-suppression (RNA interference) --- Interference, RNA --- Post-transcriptional gene silencing --- RNA silencing --- RNAi (RNA interference) --- Internal medicine --- Hormones --- Gene silencing --- Human physiology. --- Gene expression. --- Human Physiology. --- Gene Expression. --- Genes --- Genetic regulation --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Human body --- Expression --- Endocrinology .
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Alors que les phytovirus constituent une des problématiques majeures dans l’agriculture, il n’existe à ce jour aucun moyen de lutte efficace. De nouvelles alternatives aux méthodes actuelles, telles que les éliciteurs, suscitent un intérêt croissant dans la protection contre les phytopathogènes, et pourraient également se révéler être un outil performant dans la protection contre les phytovirus. La spin-off FytoFend a développé un éliciteur dont la substance active est formée d’oligogalacturonides (OGA) et d’oligochitosans (COS). L’objectif de ce travail de fin d’études est d’étudier l’effet du FytoSave® dans la protection de plants de tomate contre le virus de la mosaïque du tabac (TMV). L’étude de l’expression de gènes marqueurs des voies de l’acide salicylique et de l’acide jasmonique a montré que ces deux phytohormones étaient activées suite au traitement des plants par le FytoSave®. Ce travail s’est également intéressé aux mécanismes du RNA silencing. Les résultats RT-qPCR ont mis en évidence l’implication du FytoSave® dans la régulation de ce mécanisme de défense antiviral. Bien que la présence du virus semble réprimer l’activation des défenses induite par le FytoSave®, l’absence de symptômes de la maladie grâce à l’utilisation préventive de ce produit a permis de mettre en avant la protection des plants contre le TMV.
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