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Skin tests. --- Cutaneous tests --- Provocation tests (Medicine)

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The basic principle underlying the Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) in mouse is that sensitizers induce a primary proliferation of lymphocytes in the auricular lymph nodes draining the site of chemical application. This proliferation is proportional to the dose applied and provides a measurement of sensitisation. The method described is based on the use of radioactive labelling to measure cell proliferation. A minimum of four animals is used per dose group, with a minimum of three concentrations of the test substance, plus a negative control group treated with the vehicle only, and a positive control, as appropriate. The experimental schedule of the assay is during 6 days. Thereafter, the animals are killed and a cell suspension of lymph node cells is prepared. The incorporation of 3H-methyl thymidine is measured by ¦Â-scintillation counting as disintegrations per minute (DPM). The Test Guideline includes performance standards that can be used to evaluate the validation status of new and/or modified test methods that are functionally and mechanistically similar to the LLNA. A reduced LLNA approach which could use up to 40% fewer animals is also described as an option. This study includes: measurements (weighing, DPM), and clinical daily observations. Results are expressed as the Stimulation Index (SI).The SI is obtained by calculation and should be ¡Ý3 before classification of the test material as a skin sensitizer is warranted.

Environment --- Skin tests --- Cutaneous tests --- Provocation tests (Medicine)

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With a view to assisting the evaluation of integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA) in regulatory decision-making within OECD Member Countries, this guidance document provides guidance on the reporting of defined approaches to testing and assessment in the area of skin sensitisation using the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) as a conceptual framework. Annex 1 (page 25) outlines twelve illustrative case studies for skin sensitisation and Annex 2 (page 279) lists information sources used within the case studies.

Skin tests. --- Allergy --- Diagnosis. --- Cutaneous tests --- Provocation tests (Medicine)

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The present Test Guideline addresses the human health hazard endpoint skin sensitisation, following exposure to a test chemical. Skin sensitisation refers to an allergic response following skin contact with the tested chemical, as defined by the United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (UN GHS). This Test Guideline provides an in chemico procedure (Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay – DPRA) used for supporting the discrimination between skin sensitisers and non-sensitisers in accordance with the UN GHS. The DPRA is proposed to address the molecular initiating event leading to the skin sensitisation, namely protein reactivity, by quantifying the reactivity of test chemicals towards model synthetic peptides containing either lysine or cysteine. Cysteine and lysine percent peptide depletion values are then calculated and used in a prediction model to categorise a substance in one of four classes of reactivity for supporting the discrimination between skin sensitisers and non-sensitisers.

380.22 --- Concurrentie. Monopolie, duopolie, oligopolie. --- Environment --- Skin tests --- Cutaneous tests --- Provocation tests (Medicine)

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Raw Stories… Un titre qui entend traduire toute la sauvagerie inhérente au mode de vie des rock stars les plus tempétueuses. Tous les personnages authentiques de ce livre s'étant illustré à travers des actes et autres exploits parfois sinistres ou plus amusants, pour au final participer à écrire la grande et tumultueuse histoire d'une musique qui n'a jamais donné dans la demi-mesure. Des abus manifestes d'Iggy Pop aux violents accrochages des frères Gallagher, de la mystérieuse disparition de Jim Sullivan aux plus légendaires saccages de chambres d'hôtel, des résurrections les plus spectaculaires aux folies suicidaires d'Ozzy Osbourne, le livre que vous tenez entre les mains entend raconter quelques-uns des récits les plus scandaleux du rock and roll. Des histoires tour à tour révoltantes et dégoûtantes, drôles ou plus tendres, à lire dans l'ordre ou le désordre, en une seule fois ou par petits bouts, en musique ou dans le silence le plus total. Des récits parfaitement authentiques et certainement pas enjolivés, célèbres ou plus méconnus, relatés avec ferveur, qui ensemble illustrent la fameuse maxime de Ian Dury, que le rock s'est largement appropriée : Sex, Drugs & Rock and Roll !

Musiciens de rock. --- Scandales artistiques. --- Provocation (esthétique) --- Drogues et arts. --- Modes de vie alternatifs.