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Sociology of occupations --- Social stratification --- Occupational prestige --- Occupational prestige. --- Job status (Occupational prestige) --- Occupational hierarchy --- Occupational status (Occupational prestige) --- Prestige

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This volume brings together the full range of modalities of social influence - from crowding, leadership, and norm formation to resistance and mass mediation - to set out a challenge-and-response 'cyclone' model. The authors use real-world examples to ground this model and review each modality of social influence in depth. A 'periodic table of social influence' is constructed that characterises and compares exercises of influence in practical terms. The wider implications of social influence are considered, such as how each exercise of a single modality stimulates responses from other modalities and how any everyday process is likely to arise from a mix of influences. The book demonstrates that different modalities of social influence are tactics that defend, question, and develop 'common sense' over time and offers advice to those studying in political and social movements, social change, and management.

Social influence. --- Influence (Psychology) --- Social psychology --- Prestige --- Social pressure

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Where do we get our notions of social hierarchy and personal worth? What underlies our beliefs about the goals worth aiming for, the persons we hope to become? Elvin Hatch addresses these questions in his ethnography of a small New Zealand farming community, articulating the cultural system beneath the local social hierarchy. Hatch argues that, like people everywhere, these New Zealanders care very much about respectability, and he sets out to understand what that means to them. Hatch describes a complex body of thought, which he calls a cultural theory of social hierarchy, that defines not only the local system of social rank, but personhood as well. Because people define respectability differently and try to advance their definitions over those of others, a crucial part of Hatch's approach is to examine the processes by which these differences are worked out over time. Other social scientists posit a natural, universal human tendency to admire certain qualities, such as wealth or power, which they claim are easily identifiable in any society. Hatch argues against this view, showing that any given social hierarchy is not "natural" but culturally constructed and can be seen only when viewed from the local perspective. The observer cannot "see" the hierarchical order without entering into the cultural world of the people themselves. The concept of occupation is central to Hatch's analysis, since the work that people do provides the skeletal framework of the hierarchical order. He focuses in particular on sheep farming and compares his New Zealand community with one in California. Wealth and respectability among farmers are defined differently in the two places, with the result that California landholders perceive a social hierarchy different from the New Zealanders'. Thus the distinctive "shape" that characterizes the hierarchy among these New Zealand landholders and their conceptions of self reflect the distinctive cultural theory by which they live.

Social structure --- Occupational prestige --- Sociology & Social History --- Social Sciences --- Social Conditions --- Canterbury (N.Z.) --- Rural conditions. --- Job status (Occupational prestige) --- Occupational hierarchy --- Occupational status (Occupational prestige) --- Organization, Social --- Social organization --- Canterbury, N.Z. --- Canterbury Region (N.Z.) --- Prestige --- Anthropology --- Sociology --- Social institutions --- Aorangi (N.Z.)

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Les lits funéraires de l’époque romaine sont issus d’une tradition ancienne dont les origines, au-delà des Grecs, remontent aux périodes historiques les plus reculées, en Égypte et au Proche-Orient. Depuis le XIXe siècle, les fouilles ont livré de nombreux vestiges chronologiquement situés pour la plupart entre le IIe siècle av. et le IIe siècle apr. J.-C. ; ils font écho aux restes découverts en contexte domestique, certes moins nombreux, mais dont l’étude autorise des comparaisons intéressantes et une meilleure compréhension du sujet. La grande variété des modèles répertoriés a conduit à l’élaboration d’une typologie détaillée, incluant les formes les plus anciennes jusqu’à celles de la période romaine. Les publications ont fait évoluer de manière significative notre connaissance des lits ornés de bronze ou rehaussés de décorations en os sculpté. En revanche, les attestations de lits en ivoire demeurent extrêmement rares, que ce soit en Italie ou dans l’ensemble du monde romain. La découverte à Cumes des restes de trois exemplaires, dont les décorations étaient sculptées en ce matériau précieux, constitue par conséquent un témoignage essentiel et de premier ordre. Les fragments étaient mélangés aux ossements des défunts et contenus dans des urnes, elles-mêmes déposées au sein d’importants mausolées. La remarquable qualité de facture et la grande finesse d’exécution, bien visibles sur certaines pièces conservées malgré la destruction engendrée par la crémation, ainsi que les thèmes iconographiques mis en scène, attestent des intentions ostentatoires des propriétaires, soucieux de montrer aux vivants leur statut social, leur richesse et leur vertu. La mise en contexte de ces trois lits et leur étude approfondie au regard des occurrences connues a permis de proposer pour chacun une restitution graphique, préambule indispensable à une analyse iconographique et iconologique. Les résultats obtenus, mis en regard des mausolées dans lesquels ils furent découverts, ont…

Classics --- History & Archaeology --- luxe --- lit funéraire --- ivoire --- os (artisanat) --- crémation --- pouvoir --- prestige --- mausolée

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Occupational prestige --- Surgeons --- Bailiffs --- Sociologists --- Occupational surveys --- Prestige professionnel --- Chirurgiens --- Huissiers de justice --- Sociologues --- Professions --- Social conditions --- Conditions sociales --- Enquêtes --- Middle class --- Sociology --- middle and upper classes --- Enquêtes