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This book aims to provide research and engineering applications related to water and hydraulic problems. It is comprised of scientific papers in all topics of hydraulics, in particular, on sustainable water management, environmental hydraulics, ecohydraulics, water–energy nexus, and systems protection and efficiency. Safety and innovation issues, interdisciplinary problems, and linkage of theory to experimental and field applications can also be found within. Solutions of water problems in the form of prediction models, flow simulations, engineering systems, monitoring, management strategies covering scientific investigations and/or experimental or field studies of flow behaviour, hydrodynamics, and climate changes effects and adaptation, new design solutions, innovative approaches in the field of environment, hydraulics, techniques, methods, and analyses to address the new challenges in environmental hydraulics are alo presented and explored. This topic is studied both from a technical and environmental point of view, with the objective of protecting and enhancing the quality of the environment. In a cross-disciplinary field of study, this book comprises open channel/river flows and pressurised systems, combining, among others, new technological, social, and environmental hydraulic challenges, working in water-related fields with available information, new concepts and tools, new design solutions, eco-friendly technologies, and the advanced materials necessary to address the increasing challenges of ensuring a sustainable water environment by promoting the adaptation, flexibility, integration, and sustainability of recognised environmental solutions.

Technology: general issues --- water well --- hydraulic efficiency --- degradation --- engineering structure --- well ageing --- lifespan --- well operation --- water well management --- sustainable efficiency --- frozen soil --- soil freezing curve --- hydraulic conductivity --- fractal model --- Darcy’s law --- dissolved phosphorus --- hydrodynamic condition --- Lattice Boltzmann method --- release characteristics --- stormwater reuse --- SCS curve number --- CFD --- fecal indicator bacteria --- E. coli --- fish protection --- head loss --- intake --- hydraulics of renewable energy systems --- hydraulic structure design and management --- scale model test --- canal pool --- delay time --- volume compensation --- feedforward control --- downstream constant water level --- toothed internal energy dissipaters (TIED) --- area contraction ratio --- over-current capability --- energy dissipation rate --- time-averaged pressure --- pulsating pressure --- time-averaged velocity --- pulsating velocity --- water level --- Three Gorges Dam --- hydrodynamic model --- river–lake system --- Poyang Lake --- jet falling --- energy dissipation --- surface disturbances --- pressure fluctuations --- water jet --- physical modeling --- water flow diversity --- permeable spur dike --- fish aggregation effect --- channel regulation --- suspended vegetation --- FTW --- ADV --- velocity profile --- submerge ratio --- SVF --- hydro-energy --- CAES --- transient flow --- energy concept --- energy storage --- similarity law --- erosion --- cohesive sediments --- rotating circular flume --- mathematical modelling --- fitting coefficients --- sediment deposition --- flocculation --- bed shear stress --- consolidation --- hydrostatic pressure machine --- micro hydropower --- open source --- sliding mesh --- volume of fluid --- caffa3d --- pumped hydro storage (PHS) --- hybrid hydro-wind-solar solutions --- technical feasibility --- new power generation --- new hydraulic concepts --- sustainable developments --- CFD models --- water systems efficiency --- hydropower systems --- eco-design --- environmentally-friendly solutions --- hydrologic and ecologic challenges --- hydraulic structures --- free surface flows --- pressurised flows --- soil structure --- groundwater --- erosion and energy dissipaters --- hydrodynamics

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Geothermal energy is the thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth's core, mantle, and crust. Geothermal technologies are used to generate electricity and to heat and cool buildings. To develop accurate models for heat and mass transfer applications involving fluid flow in geothermal applications or reservoir engineering and petroleum industries, a basic knowledge of the rheological and transport properties of the materials involved (drilling fluid, rock properties, etc.)—especially in high-temperature and high-pressure environments—are needed. This Special Issue considers all aspects of fluid flow and heat transfer in geothermal applications, including the ground heat exchanger, conduction and convection in porous media. The emphasis here is on mathematical and computational aspects of fluid flow in conventional and unconventional reservoirs, geothermal engineering, fluid flow, and heat transfer in drilling engineering and enhanced oil recovery (hydraulic fracturing, CO2 injection, etc.) applications.

karst carbonate reservoir --- fracture compressibility --- enhanced gas recovery --- cost of electricity (COE) --- microstructure --- permeability --- CO2 permeability --- ammonia --- shale oil --- process simulation --- aquifer support --- spatiotemporal characteristics --- semi-analytical solution --- injection orientation --- CO2 diffusion --- wellbore temperature --- fluid front kinetics --- nest of tubes --- supercritical CO2 --- multiple parallel fractures --- multifractal theory --- real-scale --- techno-economic model --- fractal --- inter-well connectivity --- apparent permeability --- heat transfer --- porous media --- multiple structural units (MSU) --- coupled heat conduction and advection --- diffusion --- bottom-hole pressure --- tight reservoir --- ventilation --- surface diffusion --- unsteady process --- underground coal gasification (UCG) --- dynamic crack tip --- mercury intrusion porosimetry --- energy conservation analysis --- methanol --- comprehensive heat transfer model --- pressure fluctuations --- production optimization --- numerical simulation --- percolation model --- rheology --- drilling --- AE energy --- pipeline network --- natural gas --- huff-‘n-puff --- cement --- viscosity --- mathematical modeling --- enhanced geothermal systems --- cement slurries --- yield stress --- non-Newtonian fluids --- capacitance-resistance model --- thixotropy --- conductivity --- enhanced oil recovery --- leakage and overflow --- geothermal --- coal and rock fracture --- impact pressure --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- GSHP (ground source heat pump) --- pore size distribution --- Knudsen diffusion --- hydraulic fracturing --- efficient simulation --- constitutive relations --- electricity generation --- fractal theory --- pore structure --- complex fracture network --- sloshing --- cost-effective --- slippage effect --- dynamic hydraulic-fracturing experiments --- critical porosity --- fracture uncertainty --- carbon capture and utilization (CCU) --- tube bundle model --- continuity/momentum and energy equations coupled --- main gas pipeline --- Coal excavation --- longitudinal dispersion coefficient --- computational fluid dynamic (CFD) --- flowback --- fracture simulation --- highly viscous fluids --- carbon capture and storage (CCS) --- energy dissipation --- economics --- particles model --- variable viscosity --- multi-pressure system --- frequency conversion technology (FCT) --- three-dimensional numerical simulation --- tight oil reservoirs --- multiphase flow --- methane removal --- Navier-Stokes equations