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Fuzzy systems --- Fuzzy sets --- Ensembles flous --- Systèmes flous --- Fuzzy sets. --- Mathematics. --- Périodiques. --- aggregation operations --- non-additive uncertainty theory --- possibility theory --- linguistic modelling --- numerical modeling fuzzy rule-based systems --- category theory --- topology --- data fusion --- interpolative reasoning --- non-monotonic reasoning --- logic programming --- constraint-di --- Systems, Fuzzy --- Sets, Fuzzy --- System analysis --- Fuzzy logic --- Fuzzy mathematics --- Set theory

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This book by one of the world's foremost philosophers in the fields of epistemology and logic offers an account of suppositional reasoning relevant to practical deliberation, explanation, prediction and hypothesis testing. Suppositions made 'for the sake of argument' sometimes conflict with our beliefs, and when they do, some beliefs are rejected and others retained. Thanks to such belief contravention, adding content to a supposition can undermine conclusions reached without it. Subversion can also arise because suppositional reasoning is ampliative. These two types of nonmonotonic logic are the focus of this book. A detailed comparison of nonmonotonicity appropriate to both belief contravening and ampliative suppositional reasoning reveals important differences that have been overlooked.

Commonsense reasoning. --- Conditionals (Logic) --- Hypothesis. --- Induction (Logic) --- Inference. --- Nonmonotonic reasoning. --- Conditionals (Logic). --- Induction (Logic). --- Commonsense reasoning --- Hypothesis --- Inference --- Nonmonotonic reasoning --- Non-monotonic reasoning --- Reasoning --- Ampliative induction --- Induction, Ampliative --- Inference (Logic) --- Inductive logic --- Logic, Inductive --- Logic --- Assumption --- Supposition --- Science --- Conditional statements (Logic) --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Common sense reasoning --- Methodology --- Induction (logique) --- Arts and Humanities --- Philosophy --- Philosophie --- Artificial intelligence --- Logique --- Knowledge representation

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Belief revision theory and philosophy of science both aspire to shed light on the dynamics of knowledge – on how our view of the world changes (typically) in the light of new evidence. Yet these two areas of research have long seemed strangely detached from each other, as witnessed by the small number of cross-references and researchers working in both domains. One may speculate as to what has brought about this surprising, and perhaps unfortunate, state of affairs. One factor may be that while belief revision theory has traditionally been pursued in a bottom- up manner, focusing on the endeavors of single inquirers, philosophers of science, inspired by logical empiricism, have tended to be more interested in science as a multi-agent or agent-independent phenomenon.

Belief change. --- Science -- Philosophy. --- Science --- Belief change --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Philosophy & Religion --- Sciences - General --- Philosophy --- Nonmonotonic reasoning. --- Conditionals (Logic) --- Knowledge, Theory of. --- Formalization (Philosophy) --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Conditional statements (Logic) --- Non-monotonic reasoning --- Philosophy. --- Logic. --- Philosophy and science. --- Philosophy of Science. --- Form (Philosophy) --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Logic --- Methodology --- Psychology --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Reasoning --- Argumentation --- Deduction (Logic) --- Deductive logic --- Dialectic (Logic) --- Logic, Deductive --- Intellect --- Thought and thinking --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- Science and philosophy

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Conditionals are omnipresent, in everyday life as well as in scientific environments; they represent generic knowledge acquired inductively or learned from books. They tie a flexible and highly interrelated network of connections along which reasoning is possible and which can be applied to different situations. Therefore, conditionals are important, but also quite problematic objects in knowledge representation. This book presents a new approach to conditionals which captures their dynamic, non-proportional nature particularly well by considering conditionals as agents shifting possible worlds in order to establish relationships and beliefs. This understanding of conditionals yields a rich theory which makes complex interactions between conditionals transparent and operational. Moreover,it provides a unifying and enhanced framework for knowledge representation, nonmonotonic reasoning, belief revision,and even for knowledge discovery.

Nonmonotonic reasoning. --- Conditionals (Logic) --- Nonmonotonic reasoning --- Computer Science --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Conditionals (Logic). --- Conditional statements (Logic) --- Non-monotonic reasoning --- Computer science. --- Mathematical logic. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computer Science. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages. --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Logic --- Reasoning --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Informatics --- Science --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Mathematics --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism

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Mathematics --- Fuzzy sets --- Fuzzy systems --- Ensembles flous --- Systèmes flous --- Periodicals --- Périodiques --- Systèmes flous --- Fuzzy sets. --- Mathematics. --- Périodiques. --- aggregation operations --- non-additive uncertainty theory --- possibility theory --- linguistic modelling --- numerical modeling fuzzy rule-based systems --- category theory --- topology --- data fusion --- interpolative reasoning --- non-monotonic reasoning --- logic programming --- constraint-di --- #TS:TCPW --- 621 --- Mechanical engineering in general. Nuclear technology. Electrical engineering. Machinery --- Information Technology --- Artificial Intelligence --- Neural Networks --- Robotics --- General and Others --- Mathematical Sciences --- Applied Mathematics --- Information Technology. --- General and Others. --- Mathematical Sciences. --- 621 Mechanical engineering in general. Nuclear technology. Electrical engineering. Machinery --- Périodiques --- EJMATHE ELSEVIER-E EPUB-ALPHA-F EPUB-PER-FT --- Journal --- 621 Algemene mechanische bouwkunde. Nucleaire technologie. Electronica. Machinebouw --- Algemene mechanische bouwkunde. Nucleaire technologie. Electronica. Machinebouw --- Fuzzy systems - Periodicals --- Fuzzy sets - Periodicals